Eksēian (ek-see-in)

Realm Formal Writing System

Natively known as: eksē /ˈekseː/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
b’a d’o o sanu su ah b’a o ʻiddi domē b’ida so sats
b’a d’o o sanu su ah b’a o ʻiddi domē b’ida so sats
Pronunciation: /ɓa ɗə ə ˈsanu su ah ɓa ə ˈʔiddi ˈdəmeː ˈɓida sə saʦ/
Eksēian word order: and he hat his holding stood and his face wet the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g g͡b h j k k͡p m n s t ɓ ɗ ʄ ʔ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	b		t d			g k	ʔ
Implosive	ɓ		ɗ		ʄ
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f	s				h
Approximant					j

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Stop	g͡b k͡p

Vowel inventory: a aː e eː i u ə

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e eː
Mid		ə
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ə	o
ɗ	d’
j	y
ʄ	j
ʧ	ch
g͡b	gb
k͡p	kp
ɓ	b’
ʦ	ts
ʔ	ʻ
Vː	V̄

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).

Ergative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -əm tumom /ˈtuməm/ dog (doing a transitive verb)
Absolutive	No affix tum /tum/ dog (doing an intransitive verb)

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix fayo /ˈfajə/ boy	No affix b’atge /ˈɓatge/ girl
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʔdə Else: Suffix -uʔdə fayoʻdo /faˈjəʔdə/ boys	Suffix -aɗ b’atgead’ /ɓatˈgeaɗ/ girls

Articles

Eksēian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive
1st singular	gbā /g͡baː/ I	yān /jaːn/ me
2nd singular	ʻē /ʔeː/ you	om /əm/ you
3rd singular masc	d’o /ɗə/ he, it (masc)	ā /aː/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	mi /mi/ she, it (fem)	gats /gaʦ/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	me /me/ we	b’og /ɓəg/ us
2nd plural	gi /gi/ you all	do /də/ you all
3rd plural masc	a /a/ they (masc)	ma /ma/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	ʻa /ʔa/ they (fem)	te /te/ them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	je /ʄe/ my
2nd singular	ya /ja/ your
3rd singular masc	o /ə/ his
3rd singular fem	me /me/ her
1st plural	mis /mis/ our
2nd plural	ā /aː/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	jā /ʄaː/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	do /də/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix mokp /mək͡p/ learn
Past	Suffix -uɗ mokpud’ /ˈmək͡puɗ/ learned
Remote past	Suffix -ə mokpo /ˈmək͡pə/ learned (long ago)
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -uf mokpuf /ˈmək͡puf/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Eksēian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -əg mokpog /ˈmək͡pəg/ learns/is learning

Numbers

Eksēian has a base-10 number system:
1 - mā
2 - b’ad’
3 - un
4 - ʻu
5 - mi
6 - ga
7 - be
8 - bāts
9 - tās
10 - bemādto
100 - jama
1000 - te

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -əg
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -eː
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -e
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -aːm
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -u
Noun to verb = Suffix -e
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧ
Else: Suffix -əʧ
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -aːm
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -in
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧ
Else: Suffix -əʧ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -em
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ə
Diminutive = Suffix -aʄ
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ag

Writing System

Uses the WSP ElvenOlati font for Word Processors.

by Dan Smith

Geographical Distribution

Dictionary

3040 Words.