Primordial

Natively known as: primordial /ˌprimorˈdial/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
kvo dvushbe dvey hom moh gudeyfe kvo bnamtza moh kma khuk 'u stut
Pronunciation: /kvo ˈdvuʃbe dvej hom moh guˈdejfe kvo ˈbnamʦa moh kma χuk ʔu stut/
Primordial word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v x z ʁ ʃ ʔ ʕ ʦ χ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d			k g			ʔ
Affricate			ʦ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ		x	χ ʁ	ʕ	h
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
j	y
χ	kh
ʦ	tz
ʁ	r
ʃ	sh
ʔ	'

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nominative	No affix kot /kot/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -es kotes /ˈkotes/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Suffix -a kota /ˈkota/ dogʼs
Dative	Suffix -ul kotul /ˈkotul/ to dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix lev /lev/ boy	No affix kvi /kvi/ girl
Plural	Suffix -i levi /ˈlevi/ boys	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -im kvim /kvim/ girls

Articles

Definite	mi /mi/ the
Indefinite	ku /ku/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	kli /kli/ I	'on /ʔon/ me	kut /kut/ mine	bu /bu/ to me
2nd singular	tu /tu/ you	lutz /luʦ/ you	dekh /deχ/ yours	ka /ka/ to you
3rd singular masc	dvey /dvej/ he, it (masc)	moh /moh/ his, it (masc)	gar /gaʁ/ his, its (masc)	'ish /ʔiʃ/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	e /e/ she, it (fem)	khe /χe/ her, it (fem)	'a /ʔa/ hers, its (fem)	kve /kve/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural	mo /mo/ we	kman /kman/ us	bis /bis/ ours	kmu /kmu/ to us
2nd plural	dun /dun/ you all	bey /bej/ you all	ber /beʁ/ yours (pl)	khu /χu/ to you all
3rd plural masc	sin /sin/ they (masc)	ho /ho/ them (masc)	kel /kel/ theirs (masc)	daf /daf/ to them (masc)
3rd plural fem	ye /je/ they (fem)	tzod /ʦod/ them (fem)	ba /ba/ theirs (fem)	yatz /jaʦ/ to them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	kut /kut/ my
2nd singular	dekh /deχ/ your
3rd singular masc	moh /moh/ his
3rd singular fem	'a /ʔa/ her
1st plural	bis /bis/ our
2nd plural	ber /beʁ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	kel /kel/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	ba /ba/ their (fem)

Verbs

Future

If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an lashan /ˈlaʃan/ will learn

Primordial uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: le - le lash /le laʃ/ learned

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Primordial uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: ʔu - 'u lash /ʔu laʃ/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Primordial uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate first part of first syllable lalash /ˈlalaʃ/ have learned

Numbers

Primordial has a base-10 number system:
1 - zmes
2 - kha
3 - ki
4 - o
5 - mo
6 - hu
7 - kheshe'
8 - li
9 - ret
10 - i
100 - khi
1000 - ma

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -iv
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -im
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -a
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ba
Else: Suffix -oba
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -iʔ
Noun to verb = Suffix -iʁ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -i
Tending to = Suffix -a
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -un
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -av
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -i
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -u
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -uʦ
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ug

Dictionary

3047 Words.

Spoken by

• Air Genasi
• Fire Genasi
• Water Genasi