Elvish

Natively known as: à̗ellviʃ /ˈæellviʃ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
lí mut lɑt lūm mut mifego lí ʎin mut úvɑ búf thɑl lugú
Pronunciation: /lɪ mut lɑt lʌm mut ˈmifego lɪ ʎin mut ˈʊvɑ bʊf θɑl ˈlugʊ/
Elvish word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h k l m n r s t v w z ɹ ʃ ʎ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	b			t d			k g
Fricative		f v	θ	s z	ʃ			h
Approximant				ɹ
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: e i o u æ æe̯ ɑ ɛ ɪ ʊ ʌ
Diphthongs: æe̯ ?

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	ɛ	ʌ
Near-low	æ
Low		ɑ

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
æ	à̗
ɛ	é
ɪ	í
ʊ	ú
ʌ	ū
θ	th
ɹ	ŕ

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Singular	No affix bégɑ /ˈbɛgɑ/ dog
Plural	Prefix ɑ- ɑbégɑ /ˈɑbɛgɑ/ dogs

Articles

Elvish has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	sà̗t /sæt/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	ʃék /ʃɛk/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	mut /mut/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	mi /mi/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural inclusive	lít /lɪt/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	mɑ /mɑ/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	bɑ /bɑ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	tho /θo/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	sà̗t /sæt/ my
2nd singular	ʃék /ʃɛk/ your
3rd singular masc	mut /mut/ his
3rd singular fem	mi /mi/ her
1st plural inclusive	lít /lɪt/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	mɑ /mɑ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	bɑ /bɑ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	tho /θo/ their

Verbs

	Singular	Plural
Present	No affix bità̗e̯ /ˈbitæe̯/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn(s)	Prefix mʌ- mūbità̗e̯ /ˈmʌbitæe̯/ (we/you all/they) learn
Past	Prefix ɛ- ébità̗e̯ /ˈɛbitæe̯/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʌb- Else: Prefix ʌbæ- ūbà̗bità̗e̯ /ˈʌbæˌbitæe̯/ (we/you all/they) learned
Remote past	Prefix ʎɛ- ʎébità̗e̯ /ˈʎɛbitæe̯/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned (long ago)	Prefix ɑ- ɑbità̗e̯ /ˈɑbitæe̯/ (we/you all/they) learned (long ago)

Elvish uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ʃɑf - ʃɑf bità̗e̯ /ʃɑf ˈbitæe̯/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Elvish uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate first part of first syllable bibità̗e̯ /ˈbibitæe̯/ have learned

Numbers

Elvish has a base-10 number system:
1 - ol
2 - bél
3 - mū
4 - bɑn
5 - se
6 - ʃɑ
7 - odut
8 - ebi
9 - lu
10 - lū
100 - búm
1000 - ʎu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -om
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ɑf
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix lʌ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix lɪ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɛ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mi
Else: Suffix -ɑmi
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹ
Else: Suffix -ɑɹ
Tending to = Suffix -i
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix æe̯-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -e
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ
Else: Suffix -uʃ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix lo-
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɑn
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -ɛm
Opposite = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -ol

Dictionary

4429 Words.