Arian (/'Arian/)

Natively known as: arigo /ari'go/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
yan to kinge kakan don sanon yan gen don ora tayo ka nangen
Pronunciation: /jan to kiŋˈge kaˈkan don saˈmon jan gen don oˈɾa taˈjo ka maŋˈgen/
Arian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d g h j k m n p s t w z ŋ ɾ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Stop	p b	t d		k g
Fricative		s z			h
Approximant			j
Tap		ɾ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable
Word initial consonants: b d g h j k m n p s t w z ɾ
Mid-word consonants: b bj d g gj h hj j k kj m mb mj mp n nj ns nt nw nɾ p pj s t w z ŋg ɾ ɾj
Word final consonants: n
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ŋ	n
m	n
j	y
ɾ	r

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	se /se/ the	te /te/ a
Plural	zo /zo/ the	nu /mu/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	na /na/ I	ne /me/ me
2nd singular	en /en/ you	nun /mun/ you
3rd singular masc	to /to/ he, it	ge /ge/ him, it
3rd singular fem	na /ma/ she, it	so /so/ her, it
1st plural	ha /ha/ we	bo /bo/ us
2nd plural	pa /pa/ you all	kon /kon/ you all
3rd plural	kan /kan/ they	kun /kun/ them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	sun /sun/ my
2nd singular	ton /ton/ your
3rd singular masc	don /don/ his
3rd singular fem	en /en/ her
1st plural	ho /ho/ our
2nd plural	zen /zen/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ki /ki/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past
1st person	Prefix gi- gizego /giˈzego/ (I/we) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix ju- yuzego /juˈzego/ (I/we) learned
2nd person	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɾ- Else: Prefix ɾi- rizego /ɾiˈzego/ (you/you all) learn	Prefix ne- nezego /neˈzego/ (you/you all) learned
3rd person	Prefix za- zazego /zaˈzego/ (he/she/it/they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix w- Else: Prefix wa- wazego /waˈzego/ (he/she/it/they) learned

Arian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ze - ze zego /ze zeˈgo/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Arian uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: ju - yu zego /ju zeˈgo/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Arian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix e- ezego /eˈzego/ have learned

Numbers

Arian has a base-10 number system:
1 - wa
2 - ken
3 - insu
4 - zuru
5 - tan
6 - han
7 - sunsun
8 - supun
9 - en
10 - na
11 - na yan wa “ten and one”
100 - wa nubyo “one hundred”
101 - wa nubyo wa “one hundred one”
200 - ken nubyo
1000 - wa poro “one thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix a-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix bu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix i-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix a-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix bo-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix me-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix no-
Tending to = Prefix a-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix i-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix be-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix w-
Else: Prefix wa-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix a-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pa-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ko-

Dictionary

308 Words.