The official language of
The Kingdom of Maedoria
Natively known as: ties /taɪ̯s/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
drou zmegen e tan e ngwá drou zmá e vá oùd mà tve[alt]
Pronunciation: /dɹaʊ̯ ˈzmɛgɛn ɛ tæn ɛ ŋwɑ dɹaʊ̯ zmɑ ɛ vɑ oʊ̯d mɜː tvɛ/
Tiesian word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind[/alt]
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ
| ↓Manner/Place→ |
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Palato-alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m |
|
|
n |
|
|
ŋ |
|
| Stop |
p b |
|
|
t d |
|
|
k g |
|
| Affricate |
|
|
|
|
ʧ ʤ |
|
|
|
| Fricative |
|
f v |
θ ð |
s z |
ʃ ʒ |
|
|
h |
| Approximant |
|
|
|
ɹ |
|
j |
|
|
| Lateral approximant |
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ |
Labial-velar |
| Approximant |
w |
Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɜː ɪ ʊ ʌ
Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ oʊ̯ ɔɪ̯
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
| High |
iː |
|
uː |
| Near-high |
ɪ |
|
ʊ |
| Low-mid |
ɛ |
ɜː |
ʌ ɔː |
| Near-low |
æ |
|
|
| Low |
|
|
ɑ |
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Word initial consonants: b bɹ d dl dv dz dɹ dʒ f fl fɹ g gj gw h j k kv kw kɹ kʃ l lj m mb md mj ml n ng nj nl p pj pl ps pɹ s sl t tk tm ts tv tw tɹ v z zj zl zm zn zw ð ŋw ɹ ʃ ʃm ʃw ʃɹ ʒ ʤ ʤd ʤj ʧ ʧh ʧl θ θl θɹ
Mid-word consonants: b bd bm bn bt bv bw bʃ bʤ d df dg dj dn dɹ dʒ f ff fj fk fp fɹ fʃ g gg gj gk gm gt gw gz gʒ h hb hd hw j jf jg jj jk jm js k kb kd kf kl ks kw kz kʃ kʧ l lb ld lg lh ll lm lt lʒ lʤ lθ m mb md mg mh mk ml mm mp mt mɹ mʃ mʒ mʤ mθ n nd ng nh nj nl np ns nv nð nʃ nʒ nʧ p pz s sd sj sl sp ss sv sɹ sʧ sθ t tb td tf th tj tn tv tz tʧ v vb vg vj vl vm vn vv vw vɹ w wb wd wg wl wm wt wv wʃ wʤ z zk zl zn zv zz ð ðj ŋ ŋf ŋg ŋj ŋm ŋp ŋt ŋw ɹ ɹf ɹk ɹl ɹt ɹv ɹw ɹʤ ɹʧ ʃ ʃb ʃh ʃl ʃm ʃt ʃʧ ʒ ʒb ʒd ʒl ʒm ʤ ʤl ʤm ʤt ʧ ʧf ʧg ʧl ʧm θ θd θh
Word final consonants: b d f g h k l m n p s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation |
Spelling |
| aɪ̯ |
ie |
| aʊ̯ |
ou |
| eɪ̯ |
ay |
| iː |
i |
| uː |
u |
| æ |
a |
| ɛ |
e |
| ɔː |
o |
| ɔɪ̯ |
oi |
| ɪ |
ì |
| ʊ |
ù |
| ɜː |
à |
| ʌ |
ú |
| ɑ |
á |
| j |
y |
| θ |
th |
| ð |
dh |
| ŋ |
ng |
| ɹ |
r |
| ʃ |
sh |
| ʒ |
zh |
| ʤ |
j |
| ʧ |
ch |
| Vː |
VV |
| ̯ |
|
Grammar
Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into
Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Nouns
Nouns have two cases:
- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
| Nominative |
No affix
nyou /njaʊ̯/
dog (doing the verb) |
| Accusative |
Prefix æ-
anyou /ˈænjaʊ̯/
(verb done to) dog |
| Singular |
No affix
nyou /njaʊ̯/
dog |
| Plural |
Prefix ʌ-
únyou /ˈʌnjaʊ̯/
dogs |
Articles
| Definite |
nging /ngiːŋ/
the |
| Indefinite |
zoù /zoʊ̯/
a, some |
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
- Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:
- Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
- Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
Pronouns
|
Nominative |
Accusative |
| 1st singular |
dzùng /dzʊŋ/
I |
ú /ʌ/
me |
| 2nd singular |
flaych /fleɪ̯ʧ/
you |
dhà /ðɜː/
you |
| 3rd singular masc |
e /ɛ/
he, it |
oùl /oʊ̯l/
him, it |
| 3rd singular fem |
koit /kɔɪ̯t/
she, it |
boù /boʊ̯/
her, it |
| 1st plural |
vá /vɑ/
we |
plà /plɜː/
us |
| 2nd plural |
zay /zeɪ̯/
you all |
pou /paʊ̯/
you all |
| 3rd plural |
psù /psʊ/
they |
ma /mæ/
them |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular |
dzùng /dzʊŋ/
my |
| 2nd singular |
flaych /fleɪ̯ʧ/
your |
| 3rd singular masc |
e /ɛ/
his |
| 3rd singular fem |
koit /kɔɪ̯t/
her |
| 1st plural |
vá /vɑ/
our |
| 2nd plural |
zay /zeɪ̯/
your (pl) |
| 3rd plural |
psù /psʊ/
their |
Verbs
|
Singular |
Plural |
| Present |
No affix
roùn /ɹoʊ̯n/
(I/you/he/she/it) learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix biː-
biroùn /ˈbiːɹoʊ̯n/
(we/they) learn |
| Past |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧh-
Else: Prefix ʧhɪ-
chhìroùn /ˈʧhɪɹoʊ̯n/
(I/you/he/she/it) learned |
Prefix tɜː-
tàroùn /ˈtɜːɹoʊ̯n/
(we/they) learned |
| Future |
Prefix ʊ-
ùroùn /ˈʊɹoʊ̯n/
(I/you/he/she/it) will learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ-
Else: Prefix ʧɛ-
cheroùn /ˈʧɛɹoʊ̯n/
(we/they) will learn |
Numbers
Tiesian has a base-10 number system:
1 -
oin
2 -
dàf
3 -
choù
4 -
hùbwù
5 -
kre
6 -
às
7 -
ki
8 -
psah
9 -
toi
10 -
ya
11 -
yaoin “ten-one”
100 -
oin pe “one hundred”
101 -
oin pe drou oin “one hundred and one”
200 -
dàf pe
1000 -
oin pà “one thousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix dz-
Else: Prefix dzʊ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kʌ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix z-
Else: Prefix zɛ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ʌ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ɹɑ-
Noun to verb = Prefix oʊ̯-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix zwɪ-
Tending to = Prefix ɔː-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix g-
Else: Prefix gɛ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix dzæ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix z-
Else: Prefix zɑ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix sæ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix dl-
Else: Prefix dlɔː-
Augmentative = Prefix ʌ-
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