Draconic

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant Inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v w z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d		k g
Fricative		f v	s z			h
Approximant				j
Lateral approximant			l

Co-Articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowels

Vowel Inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -as
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -y
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ha
Else: Suffix -eha
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -e
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -a
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f
Else: Suffix -af
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -op
Tending to = Suffix -as
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -em
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -os
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -di
Else: Suffix -ydi
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -u
Diminutive = Suffix -ob
Augmentative = Suffix -i

Syntax

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable

Vocabulary

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	be /be/ the	hú /hy/ a
Plural	yi /ji/ the	tab /tab/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns & Possessives

	Pronoun	Possessive Determiner
1st singular	vub /vub/ I, me, mine	go /go/ my
2nd singular	mab /mab/ you, yours	tu /tu/ your
3rd singular masc	yi /ji/ he, him, his, it, its	wa /wa/ his
3rd singular fem	ma /ma/ she, her, hers, it, its	ge /ge/ her
1st plural	ga /ga/ we, us, ours	o /o/ our
2nd plural	zib /zib/ you all, yours (pl)	li /li/ your (pl)
3rd plural	nam /nam/ they, them, theirs	mit /mit/ their

Tenses

Present	No affix vaplú /ˈvaply/ learn
Past	Suffix -aj vaplúay /vaˈplyaj/ learned
Remote Past	Suffix -a vaplúa /vaˈplya/ learned (long ago)
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -dli Else: Suffix -adli vaplúdli /vaˈplydli/ will learn

Sentence Structure

Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.

Adjective Order

Adjectives are positioned after the noun.

Spoken by

• Draconian