Farothian

Natively known as: farothian /ˈfɑɹoˌʊθɪɑn/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ruth murr furr murr kapath uwhu ruth murr ruro kura whoni riwha pa
Pronunciation: /ɹʌθ mʌɹɹ fʌɹɹ mʌɹɹ ˈkɑpɑθ ˈʌwhʌ ɹʌθ mʌɹɹ ˈɹʌɹo ˈkʌɹɑ ˈwhonɪ ˈɹɪwhɑ pɑ/
Farothian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: f g h k m n p r t w

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p		t	k g
Fricative		f			h
Trill			r

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɲ	ny
̯
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
oʊ	o
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).

Ergative	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pa- panaurr /ˈpɑnɑʌɹɹ/ dog (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	No affix naurr /ˈnɑʌɹɹ/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something)

Singular	No affix naurr /ˈnɑʌɹɹ/ dog
Plural	Prefix a- anaurr /ˈɑnɑʌɹɹ/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	ti /tɪ/ the	arr /ɑɹɹ/ a
Plural	hoth /hoθ/ the	i /ɪ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive
1st singular	rarr /ɹɑɹɹ/ I	ku /kʌ/ me, I
2nd singular	hi /hɪ/ you	pe /pɛ/ you
3rd singular masc	murr /mʌɹɹ/ he, it	ru /ɹʌ/ him, it
3rd singular fem	narr /nɑɹɹ/ she, it	ho /ho/ her, it
1st plural	ha /hɑ/ we	tirr /tɪɹɹ/ us, we
2nd plural	te /tɛ/ you all	teth /tɛθ/ you all
3rd plural	horr /hoɹɹ/ they	ne /nɛ/ them, they

Possessive determiners

1st singular	rarr /ɹɑɹɹ/ my
2nd singular	hi /hɪ/ your
3rd singular masc	murr /mʌɹɹ/ his
3rd singular fem	narr /nɑɹɹ/ her
1st plural	ha /hɑ/ our
2nd plural	te /tɛ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	horr /hoɹɹ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix fonath /ˈfonɑθ/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix un- Else: Prefix uni- unifonath /ˈʌnɪˌfonɑθ/ learned

Farothian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: firr - firr fonath /fɪɹɹ ˈfonɑθ/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Farothian uses the word for ‘finish’ hapuwirr for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Farothian has a base-20 number system:
1 - rurr
2 - ho
3 - narr
4 - porr
5 - nuth
6 - whith
7 - mirerr
8 - fath
9 - wi
10 - whi
11 - hoth
12 - rorr
13 - ti
14 - kana
15 - turr
16 - ruru
17 - wa
18 - peta
19 - kirr
20 - whuno
400 - ro
8000 - kutirr

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix fa-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix ha-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ka-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ne-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fi-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ke-
Tending to = Prefix wa-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix uk-
Else: Prefix uku-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix a-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix to-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix wa-
Diminutive = Prefix ka-
Augmentative = Prefix ku-

Dictionary

3096 Words.