Fujiokan
Natively known as: kibla /ˈkɪblɑ/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...orn lo ka pu punks lor orn slerf punks wros jharf nu wrir
Pronunciation: /oɹn lo kɑ pʌ pʌnks loɹ oɹn slɛɹf pʌnks wɹos ʤhɑɹf nʌ wɹɪɹ/
Kiblan word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||||
Stop | p b | t d | c | k g | q | ||
Fricative | f v | s z | x | h | |||
Approximant | j | ||||||
Trill | r | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i y | u |
High-mid | e | o |
Low | a |
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Sound changes (in order of application):
- a → ɑ
- b → b
- ch → ʧ
- c → k
- d → d
- e → ɛ
- f → f
- g → g
- h → h
- i → ɪ
- j → ʤ
- kk → k
- k → k
- ll → l
- l → l
- m → m
- ng → ŋ
- nn → n
- n → n
- o → o
- p → p
- q → k
- r → ɹ
- sh → ʃ
- s → s
- th → θ
- t → t
- u → ʌ
- v → v
- w → w
- x → ks
- y → i
- z → z
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ɑ | a |
b | b |
ʧ | ch |
d | d |
ɛ | e |
f | f |
g | g |
h | h |
ɪ | i |
ʤ | j |
k | k |
l | l |
m | m |
ŋ | ng |
n | n |
o | o |
p | p |
ɹ | r |
ʃ | sh |
s | s |
θ | th |
t | t |
ʌ | u |
v | v |
w | w |
z | z |
Grammar
Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Nouns have four cases:- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
Nominative | No affix
wynty /ˈwinti/ dog (doing the verb) |
Accusative | If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fy- fywynty /fiˈwinti/ (verb done to) dog |
Genitive | Prefix o-
owynty /oˈwinti/ dogʼs |
Dative | Prefix we-
wewynty /wɛˈwinti/ to (the/a) dog |
Singular | Prefix dy-
dywynty /diˈwinti/ dog |
Plural | No affix
wynty /ˈwinti/ dogs |
Articles
Definite | ga /gɑ/ the |
Indefinite | lu /lʌ/ a, some |
- Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
- Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
- Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
- Used with place names: ‘The London’
- Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
Pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st singular | go /go/ I | jon /ʤon/ me | ni /nɪ/ mine | dyn /din/ to me |
2nd singular | ki /kɪ/ you | ba /bɑ/ you | ji /ʤɪ/ yours | tas /tɑs/ to you |
3rd singular masc | ka /kɑ/ he, it | sir /sɪɹ/ him, it | ca /kɑ/ his, its | jho /ʤho/ to him, at it |
3rd singular fem | fa /fɑ/ she, it | wu /wʌ/ her, it | janx /ʤɑnks/ hers, its | o /o/ to her, at it |
1st plural | fe /fɛ/ we | bo /bo/ us | zu /zʌ/ ours | shu /ʃʌ/ to us |
2nd plural | e /ɛ/ you all | vin /vɪn/ you all | tyn /tin/ yours (pl) | cra /kɹɑ/ to you all |
3rd plural | u /ʌ/ they | ti /tɪ/ them | da /dɑ/ theirs | os /os/ to them |
Possessive determiners
1st singular | nyrn /niɹn/ my |
2nd singular | de /dɛ/ your |
3rd singular masc | punx /pʌnks/ his |
3rd singular fem | te /tɛ/ her |
1st plural | ma /mɑ/ our |
2nd plural | jenx /ʤɛnks/ your (pl) |
3rd plural | fyth /fiθ/ their |
Verbs
Singular | No affix
ploltoby /plolˈtobi/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn/learned/will learn |
Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix gr-
Else: Prefix gro- groploltoby /ˌgɹoplolˈtobi/ (we/they) learn/learned/will learn |
Past | Particle before the verb: qa -
qa ploltoby /kɑ plolˈtobi/ learned |
Future | Particle before the verb: slirf -
slirf ploltoby /slɪɹf plolˈtobi/ will learn |
Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.Kiblan uses a standalone particle word for progressive:
Progressive | Particle before the verb: cril -
cril ploltoby /kɹɪl plolˈtobi/ is learning |
Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).Kiblan uses a standalone particle word for habitual:
Habitual | Particle before the verb: u -
u ploltoby /ʌ plolˈtobi/ learns |
Numbers
Kiblan has a base-20 number system: 1 - sa2 - farf
3 - e
4 - sla
5 - fy
6 - bnu
7 - cry
8 - anx
9 - go
10 - te
11 - otri
12 - sax
13 - fu
14 - qyn
15 - ox
16 - jern
17 - cos
18 - sli
19 - kor
20 - lu
400 - bargo
8000 - bra
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -arAdjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ggi
Else: Suffix -eggi
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix sl-
Else: Prefix slo-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix yth-
Else: Prefix ytha-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ur
Noun to verb = Prefix i-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -yn
Tending to = Suffix -en
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix inm-
Else: Prefix inmy-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tu-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix u-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -yr
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix gr-
Else: Prefix gri-
Augmentative = Suffix -a