Kasathi

Natively known as: sedru /ˈsɛdɹʌ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
se ze vulim muhu ra gis se narsim ra sachro ehe tidru ef
Pronunciation: /sɛ zɛ ˈvʌlɪm ˈmʌhʌ ɹɑ gɪs sɛ ˈnɑɹsɪm ɹɑ ˈsɑkɹo ˈɛhɛ ˈtɪdɹʌ ɛf/
Sedruian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: c d f g h j k l m n r s t v w z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop			t d	c	k g
Fricative		f v	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	ü
c	ch
j	y
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix ü /i/ man	No affix durme /ˈdʌɹmɛ/ woman
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix he- hü /hi/ men	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vo- vodurme /voˈdʌɹmɛ/ women

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	ga /gɑ/ the	ka /kɑ/ a
Plural	cha /kɑ/ the	a /ɑ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Pronouns

1st singular	des /dɛs/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	e /ɛ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ze /zɛ/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	se /sɛ/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	ül /il/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	da /dɑ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	müm /mim/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	tü /ti/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	zam /zɑm/ my
2nd singular	ge /gɛ/ your
3rd singular masc	ra /ɹɑ/ his
3rd singular fem	vam /vɑm/ her
1st plural	sün /sin/ our
2nd plural	uf /ʌf/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	i /ɪ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	ü /i/ their (fem)

Verbs

	Present	Past
1st person	Prefix my- müvehe /miˈvɛhɛ/ (I/we) learn	Prefix i- ivehe /ɪˈvɛhɛ/ (I/we) learned
2nd person	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix su- suvehe /sʌˈvɛhɛ/ (you/you all) learn	Prefix ro- rovehe /ɹoˈvɛhɛ/ (you/you all) learned
3rd person	If starts with vowel: Prefix c- Else: Prefix ca- chavehe /kɑˈvɛhɛ/ (he/she/it/they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mi- mivehe /mɪˈvɛhɛ/ (he/she/it/they) learned

Sedruian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: de - de vehe /dɛ ˈvɛhɛ/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Sedruian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

Prefix a- avehe /ɑˈvɛhɛ/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Sedruian uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

If starts with vowel: Prefix acr- Else: Prefix acru- achruvehe /ˌɑkɹʌˈvɛhɛ/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Sedruian uses the word for ‘already’ yel for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Sedruian has a base-10 number system:
1 - uf
2 - des
3 - yo
4 - sa
5 - ku
6 - ri
7 - vam
8 - deti
9 - zom
10 - ki
100 - kela
1000 - vosu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f
Else: Suffix -of
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -e
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix my-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -so
Else: Suffix -aso
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ka-
Noun to verb = Prefix ne-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ke-
Tending to = Suffix -a
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -two
Else: Suffix -utwo
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ar
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -da
Else: Suffix -ada
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -yr
Diminutive = Suffix -af
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -cra
Else: Suffix -ucra

Dictionary

3106 Words.