Veskari
Natively known as: uvdyd /ʌvˈdɪd/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...a tvi onvema stegobro tvi svuda a yyznu tvi svesh vrodù dru tut
Pronunciation: /ɑ tvɪ onˈvɛmɑ stɛˈgobɹo tvɪ svʌˈdɑ ɑ ʤɪzˈnʌ tvɪ svɛʃ vɹoˈdi dɹʌ tʌt/
Uvdidian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d g h j k l m n r s t v z↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Stop | b | t d | k g | |||
Fricative | v | s z | h | |||
Approximant | j | |||||
Trill | r | |||||
Lateral approximant | l |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i y | u |
High-mid | e | o |
Low | a |
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable ? Sound changes (in order of application):
- a → ɑ
- b → b
- ch → ʧ
- c → k
- d → d
- e → ɛ
- f → f
- g → g
- h → h
- i → ɪ
- j → ʤ
- kk → k
- k → k
- ll → l
- l → l
- m → m
- ng → ŋ
- nn → n
- n → n
- o → o
- p → p
- q → k
- r → ɹ
- sh → ʃ
- s → s
- th → θ
- t → t
- u → ʌ
- v → v
- w → w
- x → ks
- y → i
- z → z
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
y | ù |
j | y |
ɑ | a |
b | b |
ʧ | ch |
d | d |
ɛ | e |
f | f |
g | g |
h | h |
i | y |
ɪ | i |
ʤ | j |
k | k |
l | l |
m | m |
ŋ | ng |
n | n |
o | o |
p | p |
ɹ | r |
ʃ | sh |
s | s |
θ | th |
t | t |
ʌ | u |
v | v |
w | w |
x | ks |
z | z |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Singular | No affix
ash /ɑʃ/ dog |
Plural | Prefix vri-
vryash /vɹɪˈɑʃ/ dogs |
Articles
Definite | stu /stʌ/ the |
Indefinite | ye /ʤɛ/ a, some |
- Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
- Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
- Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
- Used for languages: ‘The English’
- Used with place names: ‘The London’
Pronouns
1st singular | gnù /gni/ I, me, mine |
2nd singular | tvu /tvʌ/ you, yours |
3rd singular masc | tvy /tvɪ/ he, him, his, it, its |
3rd singular fem | a /ɑ/ she, her, hers, it, its |
1st plural | bro /bɹo/ we, us, ours |
2nd plural | at /ɑt/ you all, yours (pl) |
3rd plural | o /o/ they, them, theirs |
Possessive determiners
1st singular | gni /gnɪ/ my |
2nd singular | tvu /tvʌ/ your |
3rd singular masc | tvi /tvɪ/ his |
3rd singular fem | a /ɑ/ her |
1st plural | bro /bɹo/ our |
2nd plural | at /ɑt/ your (pl) |
3rd plural | o /o/ their |
Verbs
Present | Past | |
---|---|---|
1st singular | If starts with vowel: Prefix dm-
Else: Prefix dmi- dmybuma /dmɪˈbʌmɑ/ (I) learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ko- kobuma /koˈbʌmɑ/ (I) learned |
2nd singular | Prefix i-
ybuma /ɪˈbʌmɑ/ (you) learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix z-
Else: Prefix zu- zubuma /zʌˈbʌmɑ/ (you) learned |
3rd singular | Prefix o-
obuma /oˈbʌmɑ/ (he/she/it) learns |
If starts with vowel: Prefix dr-
Else: Prefix dre- drebuma /dɹɛˈbʌmɑ/ (he/she/it) learned |
1st plural | Prefix jo-
yobuma /ʤoˈbʌmɑ/ (we) learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix bi- bybuma /bɪˈbʌmɑ/ (we) learned |
2nd plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix br-
Else: Prefix bru- brubuma /bɹʌˈbʌmɑ/ (you all) learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix inv-
Else: Prefix invo- ynvobuma /ɪnˈvobʌˌmɑ/ (you all) learned |
3rd plural | Prefix a-
abuma /ɑˈbʌmɑ/ (they) learn |
Prefix u-
ubuma /ʌˈbʌmɑ/ (they) learned |
Future | Particle before the verb: ryz -
rùz buma /ɹiz bʌˈmɑ/ will learn |
Numbers
Uvdidian has a base-20 number system: 1 - u2 - ba
3 - ed
4 - gesk
5 - bra
6 - ma
7 - bryg
8 - ya
9 - sta
10 - droky
11 - kadet
12 - brùbo
13 - ek
14 - yùn
15 - yaslety
16 - svary
17 - synvu
18 - bro
19 - vash
20 - uz
400 - zru
8000 - gys
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix y-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix kni-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix dr-
Else: Prefix dra-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix om-
Else: Prefix omy-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun to verb = Prefix svo-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix tri-
Tending to = Prefix dmi-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix kr-
Else: Prefix kru-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix ba-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix bu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix i-
Diminutive = Prefix e-
Augmentative = Prefix u-