Arborian
Arborian is a simple language made up by a goblin, it has short words and can be quickly translated
Arborian is siu ma pol made fastrul sca siu ax , cio has fic vords cre pa fod caecrint scars
/ˌarboˈrian is siu̯ maː pol ˈmade ˈfaːstruːl skaː siu̯ aks , kio̯ has fik words kre paː fod ˈkae̯krint skars/
cre gra gru brartubs bseips lom cre rab bseips cist pau vi tanvar
Pronunciation: /kre graː gruː brarˈtubs bsei̯ps loːm kre rab bsei̯ps kist pau̯ wi ˈtanwar/
Arborian word order: and stood he holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Co-articulated phonemes
Vowel inventory: a ae̯ au̯ aː e ei̯ eu̯ eː i io̯ iu̯ iː o oe̯ oː u ui̯ uː ə
Diphthongs: ae̯ au̯ ei̯ eu̯ io̯ iu̯ oe̯ ui̯ ?
Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: No fixed stress ? Spelling rules:
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
Arborian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
Arborian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:
Arborian uses an affix for habitual:
Arborian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
2 - cem
3 - uil
4 - bseim
5 - eps
6 - fli
7 - u
8 - uint
9 - prida
10 - priri
100 - sa
1000 - spa
Else: Prefix kae̯-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ei̯ns-
Else: Prefix ei̯nse-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iu̯rr-
Else: Prefix iu̯rraː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix biu̯-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix pliu̯-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix dau̯-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fau̯-
Tending to = Prefix ui̯-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix bo-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bs-
Else: Prefix bso-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ki-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix fl-
Else: Prefix flei̯-
Diminutive = Prefix io̯-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix uːll-
Else: Prefix uːllui̯-
Natively known as: arborian /arˈboriˌən/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...cre gra gru brartubs bseips lom cre rab bseips cist pau vi tanvar
Pronunciation: /kre graː gruː brarˈtubs bsei̯ps loːm kre rab bsei̯ps kist pau̯ wi ˈtanwar/
Arborian word order: and stood he holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h k kʷ l m n p r s t w↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||
Stop | p b | d t | k kʷ g | ||
Fricative | f | s | h | ||
Trill | r | ||||
Lateral approximant | l |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i iː | u uː | |
High-mid | e eː | o oː | |
Mid | ə | ||
Low | a aː |
Stress pattern: No fixed stress ? Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
kʷ | qu |
ks | x |
k | c |
w | v |
aː | a |
ae̯ | ae |
au̯ | au |
eː | e |
ə | e |
ei̯ | ei |
eu̯ | eu |
iː | i |
io̯ | io |
iu̯ | iu |
oː | o |
oe̯ | oe |
uː | u |
ui̯ | ui |
Grammar
Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened mary the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Nouns have three cases:- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
Nominative | No affix
not /not/ dog (doing the verb) |
Accusative | Prefix oː-
onot /ˈoːnot/ (verb done to) dog |
Genitive | Prefix a-
anot /ˈanot/ dogʼs |
Singular | No affix
not /not/ dog |
Plural | Reduplicate whole word
notnot /ˈnotnot/ dogs |
Articles
Definite | ge /gə/ the |
Indefinite | siu /siu̯/ a, some |
- Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
- Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
- Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
- Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
Pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|
1st singular | flo /flo/ I | i /i/ me | ca /ka/ mine |
2nd singular | ge /gə/ you | mit /miːt/ you | fa /faː/ yours |
3rd singular masc | gru /gruː/ he, it (masc) | bsu /bsu/ his, it (masc) | tio /tio̯/ his, its (masc) |
3rd singular fem | cio /kio̯/ she, it (fem) | niu /niu̯/ her, it (fem) | tu /tuː/ hers, its (fem) |
1st plural | greu /greu̯/ we | brer /brer/ us | bre /brə/ ours |
2nd plural | steinc /stei̯nk/ you all | sin /siːn/ you all | cu /kuː/ yours (pl) |
3rd plural | bru /bru/ they | lo /lo/ them | fo /fo/ theirs |
Possessive determiners
Possessive | |
---|---|
1st singular | toe /toe̯/ my |
2nd singular | ru /ruː/ your |
3rd singular masc | bseips /bsei̯ps/ his |
3rd singular fem | ce /kə/ her |
1st plural | eul /eu̯l/ our |
2nd plural | li /li/ your (pl) |
3rd plural | io /io̯/ their |
Verbs
Present | No affix
te /te/ learn |
Past | Prefix iː-
ite /iːˈte/ learned |
Future | Particle before the verb: iː -
i te /iː te/ will learn |
Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.Arborian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:
Progressive | Particle before the verb: ple -
ple te /ple te/ is learning |
Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).Arborian uses an affix for habitual:
Habitual | Prefix au̯-
aute /ˈau̯te/ learns |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.Arborian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
Perfect | Reduplicate last part of last syllable
tee /ˈtee/ have learned |
Numbers
Arborian has a base-10 number system: 1 - flei2 - cem
3 - uil
4 - bseim
5 - eps
6 - fli
7 - u
8 - uint
9 - prida
10 - priri
100 - sa
1000 - spa
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-Else: Prefix kae̯-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ei̯ns-
Else: Prefix ei̯nse-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iu̯rr-
Else: Prefix iu̯rraː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix biu̯-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix pliu̯-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix dau̯-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fau̯-
Tending to = Prefix ui̯-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix bo-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bs-
Else: Prefix bso-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ki-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix fl-
Else: Prefix flei̯-
Diminutive = Prefix io̯-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix uːll-
Else: Prefix uːllui̯-
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