Alandran (Alandran)

Natively known as: nís /n̪ˠiːsˠ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
sénn bó ín driapú pá cást sénn la ia ín is piathri sás
Pronunciation: /ʃeːn̪ˠ bʲoː iːnʲ ˈdʲɾʲia̯pˠuː pʲɑː kɑːsˠt̪ˠ ʃeːn̪ˠ ɫa iə̯ iːnʲ ɪsˠ ˈpʲia̯hɾˠɪ ʃɑːsˠ/
Alandran word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Phonology

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: bʲ bˠ c dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ g h k lʲ mʲ mˠ nʲ n̪ˠ pʲ pˠ sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ŋ ɟ ɫ ɲ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	mʲ mˠ		n̪ˠ	nʲ		ɲ	ŋ
Stop	pʲ pˠ bʲ bˠ		t̪ˠ d̪ˠ	tʲ dʲ		c ɟ	k g
Fricative		fʲ fˠ vʲ vˠ		sˠ	ʃ	ç	x	h
Tap				ɾʲ ɾˠ
Lateral approximant				lʲ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Velarized alveolar
Lateral approximant	ɫ

Vowel inventory: a eː ia̯ iə̯ iː oː uə̯ uː ɑː ɔ əi̯ əu̯ ɛ ɪ ʊ
Diphthongs: ia̯ iə̯ uə̯ əi̯ əu̯

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
High-mid	eː	oː
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a	ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ca	cea
coː	ceo
cu	ciu
kɪ	coi | cai | cui
k	c
h	th
x	ch
ç	ch
ɲ	nn
#n̪ˠ	n
nʲ	n
n̪ˠ	nn
ŋg	ng
ŋ	ng
mʲ	m
mˠ	m
pʲ	p
pˠ	p
bʲ	b
bˠ	b
lʲ	l
ɫ	l
ʃa	sea
sˠɪ	sai
sˠi	suí
sˠeː	sao
ʃɔ	seo | sio
ʃo	seo
ʃu	siu
ʃ	s
sˠ	s
tʲu	tiu
tʲ	te
tʲ	t
t̪ˠoː	teo
t̪ˠɛ	te
t̪ˠ	t
fˠi	faoi
fˠɪ	fui
fˠuː	fiú
fˠ	f
fʲ	f
ɟ	g
ɪ	i
ɑː	á
eːɾˠ	éar
ɾˠ	r
ɾʲ	r
vˠ	bh | mh
vʲ	bh
d̪ˠ	d
dʲ	d
əi	a
eː	é
ɛ	ei
ɔ	o
oː	ó
iː	í
uː	ú
iə	ia
əu	ai
uə	ua
ʊ	u
̯

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

	Nominative	Accusative
Singular	No affix fid /fʲɪd̪ˠ/ dog (doing the verb)	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɪmˠ- Else: Prefix ɪmˠɑː- imáfid /ɪˈmˠɑːfʲɪd̪ˠ/ (verb done to) the/a dog
Plural	Prefix ɑː- áfid /ˈɑːfʲɪd̪ˠ/ dogs (doing the verb)	Prefix oː- ófid /ˈoːfʲɪd̪ˠ/ (verb done to) dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	coi /kɪ/ the	ché /xeː/ a
Plural	fug /fʲʊg/ the	chag /xaɟ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	cla /kɫəi̯/ I	od /ɔd̪ˠ/ me
2nd singular	trí /t̪ˠɾˠiː/ you	bra /bˠɾˠəi̯/ you
3rd singular masc	bó /bʲoː/ he, it (masc)	gá /ɟɑː/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	mí /mʲiː/ she, it (fem)	fé /fʲeː/ her, it (fem)
1st plural inclusive	núst /n̪ˠuːsˠt̪ˠ/ we (including you)	gí /ɟiː/ us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	crar /cɾʲaɾʲ/ we (excluding you)	grést /gɾˠeːsˠt̪ˠ/ us (excluding you)
2nd plural	abh /avˠ/ you all	mo /mˠɔ/ you all
3rd plural	terá /tʲɾʲɑː/ they	faoí /fˠiː/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	a /a/ my
2nd singular	cea /ca/ your
3rd singular masc	ín /iːnʲ/ his
3rd singular fem	geith /gɛh/ her
1st plural inclusive	cré /cɾʲeː/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ól /oːlʲ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	glad /gɫad̪ˠ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	lair /ɫəu̯ɾˠ/ their

Verbs

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Present	Prefix uː- úcir /ˈuːcɪɾʲ/ (I/we) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix fʲɾʲ- Else: Prefix fʲɾʲa- fracir /ˈfʲɾʲacɪɾʲ/ (you/you all) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ- Else: Prefix ʃɑː- sácir /ˈʃɑːcɪɾʲ/ (he/she/it/they) learn(s)
Past	Prefix ɪ- icir /ˈɪcɪɾʲ/ (I/we) learned	Prefix a- acir /ˈacɪɾʲ/ (you/you all) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ia̯k- Else: Prefix ia̯kɪ- iacoicir /ia̯ˈkɪcɪɾʲ/ (he/she/it/they) learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾˠ- Else: Prefix gɾˠia̯- griacir /ˈgɾˠia̯cɪɾʲ/ (I/we) learned (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɾˠ- Else: Prefix ɾˠɑː- rácir /ˈɾˠɑːcɪɾʲ/ (you/you all) learned (long ago)	Prefix ʊ- ucir /ˈʊcɪɾʲ/ (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago)
Future	Prefix ɟiː- gícir /ˈɟiːcɪɾʲ/ (I/we) will learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix t̪ˠ- Else: Prefix t̪ˠəi̯- tacir /ˈt̪ˠəi̯cɪɾʲ/ (you/you all) will learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix uə̯mˠ- Else: Prefix uə̯mˠɪ- uamicir /uə̯ˈmˠɪcɪɾʲ/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Numbers

Alandran has a base-10 number system:
1 - brumh
2 - bei
3 - gli
4 - ria
5 - siua
6 - ché
7 - thig
8 - cé
9 - í
10 - dí
100 - cí
1000 - scrad

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix heː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bʲ-
Else: Prefix bʲɪ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix hia̯-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɾˠ-
Else: Prefix ɾˠa-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix iə̯-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix pˠ-
Else: Prefix pˠeː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix xoː-
Tending to = Prefix ɪ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix a-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix eː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛlʲ-
Else: Prefix ɛlʲiː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix keː-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix sˠɾˠ-
Else: Prefix sˠɾˠiə̯-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix c-
Else: Prefix cɑː-

Dictionary

1849 Words.

Spoken by

• Alandran