Dwarvish

Natively known as: rokkú /ˈrokkuː/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
hőm sős o logy ga ét hőm töd gí o óle lu ge
Pronunciation: /høːm ʃøːʃ o loɟ gɒ eːt høːm tød giː o ˈoːlɛ lu gɛ/
Dwarvish word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Phonology

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r t v z ɟ ɲ ʃ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d		ɟ	k g
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f v	z	ʃ			h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: aː eː i iː o oː u uː y yː ø øː ɒ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i iː y yː	u uː
High-mid	eː ø øː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ
Low	aː	ɒ

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɒ	a
aː	á
uː	ú
yː	ű
y	ü
s	sz
ʒ	zs
c	ty
ʦ	c
ʧ	cs
ɛ	e
eː	é
ɟ	gy
iː	í
ɲ	ny
oː	ó
øː	ő
ø	ö
ʃ	s

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Nominative	No affix gyú /ɟuː/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -eː gyúé /ˈɟuːeː/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -oːl gyúl /ɟuːl/ dogʼs

Singular	No affix gyú /ɟuː/ dog
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt Else: Suffix -aːnt gyúnt /ɟuːnt/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	új /uːj/ the	géz /geːz/ a
Plural	mers /mɛrʃ/ the	á /aː/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st singular	é /eː/ I	gyí /ɟiː/ me	be /bɛ/ mine
2nd singular	só /ʃoː/ you	nek /nɛk/ you	mem /mɛm/ yours
3rd singular	sős /ʃøːʃ/ he, she, it	o /o/ his, her, it	prí /priː/ his, hers, its
1st plural	ből /bøːl/ we	ső /ʃøː/ us	ént /eːnt/ ours
2nd plural	fró /froː/ you all	ó /oː/ you all	bő /bøː/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	hé /heː/ they	mod /mod/ them	ák /aːk/ theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	be /bɛ/ my
2nd singular	mem /mɛm/ your
3rd singular	o /o/ his, her, its
1st plural	ént /eːnt/ our
2nd plural	bő /bøː/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ák /aːk/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix ent /ɛnt/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ghuː Else: Suffix -ighuː entighú /ɛnˈtighuː/ learned

Dwarvish uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ɒrʃ - ars ent /ɒrʃ ɛnt/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Dwarvish uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -ɛ ente /ˈɛntɛ/ learns/is learning

Numbers

Dwarvish has a base-10 number system:
1 - lű
2 - főnt
3 - me
4 - köl
5 - csá
6 - egy
7 - friri
8 - gét
9 - ke
10 - e
100 - tő
1000 - pest

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ljø
Else: Suffix -ɛljø
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lɛ
Else: Suffix -olɛ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɟ
Else: Suffix -eːɟ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rʃ
Else: Suffix -oːrʃ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -aːk
Noun to verb = Suffix -ɒ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -jt
Else: Suffix -øjt
Tending to = Suffix -ɛ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -glo
Else: Suffix -yːglo
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɒn
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -eː
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -jt
Else: Suffix -øjt
Diminutive = Suffix -orʦ
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nko
Else: Suffix -iːnko

Dictionary

1860 Words.

Common Phrases

glorü gí üdevar

Glory to Üdevar

régyseré nűnyole

Good luck

é kös só are up ténc új csém

Stay safe

ülcs mem árt

of course; obviously