Iñari (iˈɲaɾi)

Natively known as: iñari /iˈɲaɾi/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
clen a a pucto crime ilgu clen a chabges jali nero ca plirfil
Pronunciation: /klen a a pukˈto kɾiˈme ilˈgu klen a ʧabˈxes xaˈli neˈɾo ka pliɾˈfil/
Iñari word order: and he hat his holding stood and his face wet the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g k l m n p r s t w x ɲ ɾ ʎ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d			k g
Affricate				ʧ
Fricative		f	s			x
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɾ	r
ʎ	y / #_
ʎ	ll
kw	cu
k	c
ʧ	ch
ɲ	ñ
x	g / _{e,i}
x	j

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: kɾad - crad birdo /kɾad biɾˈdo/ dogs

Nominative	No affix birdo /biɾˈdo/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -i birdoi /biɾˈdoi/ (verb done to) dog

Articles

Definite	ger /xeɾ/ the
Indefinite	ar /aɾ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	chi /ʧi/ I	plud /plud/ me
2nd singular	nu /nu/ you	fli /fli/ you
3rd singular masc	a /a/ he, it (masc)	pru /pɾu/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	plal /plal/ she, it (fem)	po /po/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	mo /mo/ we	sri /sɾi/ us
2nd plural	cue /kwe/ you all	red /red/ you all
3rd plural	bu /bu/ they	ad /ad/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	chi /ʧi/ my
2nd singular	nu /nu/ your
3rd singular masc	a /a/ his
3rd singular fem	plal /plal/ her
1st plural	mo /mo/ our
2nd plural	cue /kwe/ your (pl)
3rd plural	bu /bu/ their

Verbs

Present	Suffix -i murpui /muɾˈpui/ learn
Past	No affix murpu /muɾˈpu/ learned
Remote past	Suffix -il murpuil /muɾˈpuil/ learn (long ago)
Future	Suffix -id murpuid /muɾˈpuid/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Iñari uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

Suffix -is murpuis /muɾˈpuis/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Iñari uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: me - me murpu /me muɾˈpu/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Iñari uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾ Else: Suffix -aɾ murpur /muɾˈpuɾ/ have learned

Numbers

Iñari has a base-10 number system:
1 - i
2 - lul
3 - frel
4 - u
5 - pi
6 - lus
7 - se
8 - sra
9 - e
10 - cua
100 - cuo
1000 - brina

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -up
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ak
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ug
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -iːt
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -i
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -ut
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -ul
Tending to = Suffix -an
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁ
Else: Suffix -iʁ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -iːl
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -iːq
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ak
Diminutive = Suffix -uː
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ssuː
Else: Suffix -uːssuː

Dictionary

1853 Words.