Vrät (VRAYT)

Natively known as: vrät /vrɛːt/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
mi sloks fjö bö glä kö mi uft glä krörl mässt va prort
Pronunciation: /mɪ slɔks fjøː bœ glɛ køː mɪ ʉːft glɛ krøːrl mɛsst va pruːrt/
Vrät word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Phonology

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v ŋ ɕ ɖ ɧ ʂ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n				ŋ
Stop	p b		t d	ɖ			k g
Fricative		f v	s	ʂ	ɕ			h
Approximant						j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Sj-sound
Fricative	ɧ

Vowel inventory: a eː iː oː uː yː øː œ ɑː ɔ ɛ ɛː ɪ ɵ ʉː ʊ ʏ

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː yː	ʉː	uː
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	eː øː	ɵ	oː
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː œ		ɔ
Low	a		ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä
øː	ö
œ	ö
oː	å
ɔ	o
yː	y
ʏ	y
ʉː	u
ɵ	u
ʊ	o
uː	o
iː	i
ɪ	i
eː	e
ɑː	a
ŋn	gn
ŋ	ng
j	g / _#
ɧ	sj
kk	ck
ɕ	k
C₁C₁	C₁ / _j

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have both a plural affix and dual affix for precisely two things.

Singular	No affix hal /hal/ dog
Plural	Prefix ɛː- ähal /ˈɛːhal/ dogs
Dual	If starts with vowel: Prefix ast- Else: Prefix astyː- astyhal /asˈtyːhal/ two dogs

Articles

Definite	blä /blɛ/ the
Indefinite	vu /vʉː/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

1st singular	do /dʊ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	spo /spɔ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	sloks /slɔks/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	ste /steː/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural	hen /heːn/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	bjä /bjɛ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	rig /rɪg/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	ba /ba/ my
2nd singular	bro /brɔ/ your
3rd singular masc	glä /glɛ/ his
3rd singular fem	jak /jak/ her
1st plural	ke /ɕeː/ our
2nd plural	vo /vuː/ your (pl)
3rd plural	vort /vɔrt/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix ja /ja/ learn
Past	Prefix ɵ- uja /ˈɵja/ learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pøː- pöja /ˈpøːja/ learned (long ago)

Vrät uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: bjoː - bjå ja /bjoː ja/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Vrät uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: seː - se ja /seː ja/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Vrät uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate last part of last syllable jaa /ˈjaa/ have learned

Numbers

Vrät has a base-10 number system:
1 - pind
2 - lorg
3 - iv
4 - fott
5 - klib
6 - fjäjf
7 - yn
8 - tvänsy
9 - sva
10 - brå
100 - svi
1000 - nu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix eː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix sl-
Else: Prefix sloː-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix skrɛ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix pl-
Else: Prefix pla-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʉːgg-
Else: Prefix ʉːggʊ-
Noun to verb = Prefix flɵ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix hɔ-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix fj-
Else: Prefix fjiː-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix høː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pɛ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix a-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix gɔ-
Diminutive = Prefix øː-
Augmentative = Prefix ʏ-

Dictionary

1848 Words.

Spoken by

• Vrayan