Demonic or Suwwo is the language of the Higher Demons.
Natively known as: Suwwo /ˈsuwwo/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
jod’ dli byês srok dli aj jod’ êkrê dli pêj ub’ pyi klab’
Pronunciation: /ʄoɗ dli bjɛs srok dli aʄ ʄoɗ ˈɛkrɛ dli pɛʄ uɓ pji klaɓ/
Suwwoian word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b d f g j k l p r s t w ŋ ɓ ɗ ɦ ʂ ʄ ʔ/
↓Manner/Place→ |
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Alveolar |
Retroflex |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
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ŋ |
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Stop |
p b |
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t d |
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k g |
ʔ |
Implosive |
ɓ |
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ɗ |
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ʄ |
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Fricative |
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f |
s |
ʂ |
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ɦ |
Approximant |
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j |
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Trill |
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r |
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Lateral approximant |
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l |
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Co-articulated phonemes
↓Manner/Place→ |
Labio-velar |
Approximant |
w |
Vowel inventory: /a e i o u ɔ ɛ/
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Front |
Back |
High |
i |
u |
High-mid |
e |
o |
Low-mid |
ɛ |
ɔ |
Low |
a |
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Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Word initial consonants: b, bj, bw, d, df, dl, dw, f, fj, fl, g, gj, gl, gw, j, k, kl, kr, l, p, pj, pl, ps, r, rj, rw, s, sl, sr, sw, t, tj, tw, w, ŋ, ŋw, ɓ, ɗ, ʂ, ʄ
Mid-word consonants: b, bw, d, dd, df, dg, dj, dt, dw, f, ff, fg, fj, fk, fp, fw, fʂ, g, gb, gd, gk, gr, gt, j, jb, jd, jf, jj, jr, jʂ, k, kb, kd, kf, kj, kl, kr, ks, kw, kɦ, l, lj, lp, lr, ls, lt, lw, p, pj, pk, pp, ps, pw, r, rb, rd, rf, rj, rk, rp, rɦ, s, sd, sj, sk, sp, ss, t, tb, td, tg, tj, tk, tl, tp, tr, ts, tw, tʔ, w, wb, wg, wk, wl, ww, ŋ, ŋf, ŋj, ŋk, ŋp, ŋt, ŋw, ŋɦ, ŋʂ, ɓ, ɗ, ɦ, ʂ, ʂk, ʂt, ʄ, ʔ
Word final consonants: b, d, f, g, k, l, r, s, w, ɓ, ɗ, ɦ, ʂ, ʄ
Phonological changes (in order of application): ?
- j → ʤ / V_V
- k → ʧ / _i
- iu → ju / #_
- t → k / _l
Spelling rules:
Pronunciation |
Spelling |
j |
y |
tʂ |
ts |
ŋ |
ng |
ɓ |
b’ |
ɔ |
aw |
ɗ |
d’ |
ɛ |
ê |
ʂ |
ṣ |
ʄ |
j |
ʔ |
ʻ |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into
Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Singular |
No affix
plikɦu /ˈplikɦu/
dog |
Plural |
If starts with vowel: Prefix j-
Else: Prefix ja-
yaplikɦu /jaˈplikɦu/
dogs |
Articles
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Definite |
Indefinite |
Singular |
klaɦ /klaɦ/
the |
beb’ /beɓ/
a |
Plural |
yaf /jaf/
the |
dfaw /dfɔ/
some |
Pronouns
1st singular |
u /u/
I, me, mine |
2nd singular |
deb /deb/
you, yours |
3rd singular masc |
dli /dli/
he, him, his |
3rd singular fem |
pyi /pji/
she, her, hers |
1st plural |
swe /swe/
we, us, ours |
2nd plural |
yad’ /jaɗ/
you (all), yours |
3rd plural |
fawb /fɔb/
they, them, theirs |
Possessive determiners
1st singular |
u /u/
my |
2nd singular |
deb /deb/
your |
3rd singular masc |
dli /dli/
his |
3rd singular fem |
pyi /pji/
her |
1st plural |
swe /swe/
our |
2nd plural |
deb /deb/
your |
3rd plural |
fawb /fɔb/
their |
Verbs
|
Present |
Past |
Remote past |
1st singular |
No affix
etkêw /ˈetkɛw/
(I) study |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛb-
Else: Prefix ɛbe-
êbetkêw /ɛˈbetkɛw/
(I) studied |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ar-
Else: Prefix ara-
aretkêw /aˈretkɛw/
(I) studied (long ago) |
2nd singular |
No affix
etkêw /ˈetkɛw/
(you) study |
If starts with vowel: Prefix dw-
Else: Prefix dwi-
dwetkêw /ˈdwetkɛw/
(you) studied |
If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix ra-
retkêw /ˈretkɛw/
(you) studied (long ago) |
3rd singular masc |
No affix
etkêw /ˈetkɛw/
(he) studies |
If starts with vowel: Prefix eɗ-
Else: Prefix eɗɛ-
ed’etkêw /eˈɗetkɛw/
(he) studied |
If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kɛ-
ketkêw /ˈketkɛw/
(he) studied (long ago) |
3rd singular fem |
No affix
etkêw /ˈetkɛw/
(she) studies |
Prefix ŋu-
nguetkêw /ŋuˈetkɛw/
(she) studied |
If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix si-
setkêw /ˈsetkɛw/
(she) studied (long ago) |
1st plural |
No affix
etkêw /ˈetkɛw/
(we) study |
If starts with vowel: Prefix j-
Else: Prefix jɔ-
yetkêw /ˈjetkɛw/
(we) studied |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ʄ-
Else: Prefix ʄo-
jetkêw /ˈʄetkɛw/
(we) studied (long ago) |
2nd plural |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ig-
Else: Prefix igu-
igetkêw /iˈgetkɛw/
(you all) study |
Prefix a-
aetkêw /aˈetkɛw/
(you all) studied |
If starts with vowel: Prefix aɦ-
Else: Prefix aɦa-
aɦetkêw /aˈɦetkɛw/
(you all) studied (long ago) |
3rd plural |
No affix
etkêw /ˈetkɛw/
(they) study |
Prefix pɛ-
pêetkêw /pɛˈetkɛw/
(they) studied |
Prefix o-
oetkêw /oˈetkɛw/
(they) studied (long ago) |
Suwwoian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Suwwoian uses the word for ‘finish’ rweu for the perfect aspect.
Numbers
Suwwoian has a base-10 number system:
1 - waws
2 - yak
3 - be
4 - psawf
5 - êyê
6 - kak
7 - kaka
8 - sos
9 - sod’
10 - ra
11 - waws jod’ ra “one and ten”
100 - waws glof “one hundred”
101 - waws glof jod’ waws “one hundred and one”
200 - yak glof
1000 - waws tuk “one thousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix u-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʂ-
Else: Prefix ʂɛ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix osk-
Else: Prefix oski-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix bɔ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix o-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix tw-
Else: Prefix twe-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ɔ-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʄ-
Else: Prefix ʄo-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɗ-
Else: Prefix ɗɛ-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If starts with vowel: Prefix oʔ-
Else: Prefix oʔe-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɔ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix pli-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix fj-
Else: Prefix fja-
Augmentative = Prefix ɛ-
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