This civilisation was started by a colony of mind-flayers slaves from multiple species whose ship had crashed and which could therefore revolt against the remaining mind-flayers. This civilisation was extremely advanced technologically speaking but was weak in terms of magic.
They disappeared because of an epidemy that swiped the entire population. This epidemy came from the lasting effect the mind-flayer slavery had on the first colonists which caused the appearance of incurable diseases after 10 generations. Although most of the diseases were solely genetic-related, some originated from pathogens. Opening the dungeons left behind by this civilisation is always a gamble for rulers, as it will surely bring riches but might also be accompanied by an epidemy of the diseases kept waiting in the decayed corpses or test tubes made of unknown materials, or simply because of the decayed corpses themselves.