Infernal
Natively known as: glabrau /ˈglabrau̯/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... rium a canscra hadva aer brast rium i aer deib int fa ens[alt] Pronunciation: /riu̯m a ˈkanskraː ˈhadwa ae̯r brast riu̯m iː ae̯r dei̯b int fa ens/ Glabrauian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind[/alt]
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h k kʷ l m n p r s t w
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Stop | p b | t d | k kʷ g | ||
| Fricative | f | s | h | ||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
|---|---|
| Approximant | w |
Vowel inventory: a ae̯ au̯ aː e ei̯ eu̯ eː i io̯ iu̯ iː o oe̯ oː u ui̯ uː
Diphthongs: ae̯ au̯ ei̯ eu̯ io̯ iu̯ oe̯ ui̯
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː |
| High-mid | e eː | o oː |
| Low | a aː |
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: advanced
Word initial consonants: b br d f fl fr g gl gr h k kl kr kʷ l m n p pl pr r s sk sp st t tr w
Mid-word consonants: b bl br bs bt d dd dkʷ dm dw f ff g gg gm gn gr h k kk kkʷ kr ks ksk ksp kspl kssp kst kstr kt kʷ l lg lk ll ln lp ls lt ltr lw m mb mkʷ mm mn mp mpl mpr mw n nd nf nfl nfr ng ngr nk nkl nkr nkʷ nl nn ns nskr nsp nst nstr nt ntr nw p pl pp ppl ppr pr ps pt r rb rd rf rg rk rkʷ rm rn rp rr rs rsp rt rw s sd sk skʷ sm sp ss st stkʷ str t tkʷ tr ts tt ttr w
Word final consonants: b d k ks l m n nk ns nt ps r rs s st t
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| kʷ | qu |
| ks | x |
| k | c |
| w | v |
| ː | |
| ̯ |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Nouns
| Singular | No affix bo /boː/ dog |
| Plural | Prefix a- abo /ˈaboː/ dogs |
Articles
Glabrauian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.
Pronouns
| 1st singular | e /eː/ I, me, mine |
| 2nd singular | sca /skaː/ you, yours |
| 3rd singular masc | a /a/ he, him, his, it, its |
| 3rd singular fem | deb /deb/ she, her, hers, it, its |
| 1st plural | da /daː/ we, us, ours |
| 2nd plural | be /beː/ you all, yours (pl) |
| 3rd plural | ba /baː/ they, them, theirs |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | bi /bi/ my |
| 2nd singular | bra /bra/ your |
| 3rd singular masc | aer /ae̯r/ his |
| 3rd singular fem | gex /geːks/ her |
| 1st plural | brauc /brau̯k/ our |
| 2nd plural | bab /bab/ your (pl) |
| 3rd plural | ded /deːd/ their |
Verbs
| Present | No affix babaud /ˈbaːbau̯d/ learn |
| Past | Prefix ba- bababaud /ˈbabaːbau̯d/ learned |
| Remote past | If starts with vowel: Prefix fr- Else: Prefix froː- frobabaud /ˈfroːbaːbau̯d/ learned (long ago) |
| Future | Prefix bra- brababaud /ˈbrabaːbau̯d/ will learn |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Glabrauian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
| Perfect | If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fei̯- feibabaud /ˈfei̯baːbau̯d/ have learned |
Numbers
Glabrauian has a base-10 number system:
1 - glel
2 - ba
3 - ga
4 - aed
5 - au
6 - bacquuim
7 - fribeu
8 - eu
9 - fra
10 - dei
11 - glel rium dei “one and ten”
100 - bat “hundred”
101 - bat glel “hundred one”
200 - ba bat
1000 - u “thousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix ae̯-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k, Else: Suffix -au̯k
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ae̯-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l, Else: Suffix -iu̯l
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ab
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d, Else: Suffix -ed
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -oe̯
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m, Else: Suffix -ae̯m
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k, Else: Suffix -ae̯k
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -a
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -il
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -au̯
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k, Else: Suffix -ek
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d, Else: Suffix -ad
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