Cosmic
Natively known as: cosːmic /ˈcosːmic/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...tril seort tés glia gí siort cus tril pir crai gí siort srílist fala gla
Pronunciation: /tʲɾʲɪlʲ ʃɔɾˠt̪ˠ tʲeːʃ gɫiə̯ giː ʃɔɾˠt̪ˠ kʊʃ tʲɾʲɪlʲ pʲɪɾʲ cɾʲəu̯ giː ʃɔɾˠt̪ˠ ˈsˠɾˠiːɫɪsˠt̪ˠ ˈfˠalʲa gɫa/
Cosmic word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: bʲ bˠ c dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ g h k lʲ mʲ mˠ nʲ n̪ˠ pʲ pˠ sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ŋ ɟ ɫ ɲ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | mˠ mʲ | n̪ˠ | nʲ | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Stop | bˠ bʲ pˠ pʲ | d̪ˠ t̪ˠ | tʲ dʲ | c ɟ | k g | |||
Fricative | fˠ fʲ vʲ vˠ | sˠ | ʃ | ç | x | h | ||
Tap | ɾˠ ɾʲ | |||||||
Lateral approximant | lʲ |
↓Manner/Place→ | Velarized alveolar |
---|---|
Lateral approximant | ɫ |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | iː | uː |
Near-high | ɪ | ʊ |
High-mid | eː | oː |
Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
Low | a | ɑː |
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ca | cea |
coː | ceo |
cu | ciu |
kɪ | coi | cai | cui |
k | c |
h | th |
x | ch |
ç | ch |
ɲ | nn |
#n̪ˠ | n |
nʲ | n |
n̪ˠ | nn |
ŋg | ng |
ŋ | ng |
mʲ | m |
mˠ | m |
pʲ | p |
pˠ | p |
bʲ | b |
bˠ | b |
lʲ | l |
ɫ | l |
ʃa | sea |
sˠɪ | sai |
sˠi | suí |
sˠeː | sao |
ʃɔ | seo | sio |
ʃo | seo |
ʃu | siu |
ʃ | s |
sˠ | s |
tʲu | tiu |
tʲ | te / _{a,ɑː} |
tʲ | t |
t̪ˠoː | teo |
t̪ˠɛ | te |
t̪ˠ | t |
fˠi | faoi |
fˠɪ | fui |
fˠuː | fiú |
fˠ | f |
fʲ | f |
ɟ | g |
ɪ | i |
ɑː | á |
eːɾˠ | éar |
ɾˠ | r |
ɾʲ | r |
vˠ | bh | mh |
vʲ | bh |
d̪ˠ | d |
dʲ | d |
əi | a |
eː | é |
ɛ | ei |
ɔ | o |
oː | ó |
iː | í |
uː | ú |
iə | ia |
əu | ai |
uə | ua |
ʊ | u |
̯ |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
Verb affixes
Past | If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ak sceanac /ˈʃcanʲak/ learned |
Present | No affix
scean /ʃcanʲ/ learn |
Future | Suffix -iː
sceaní /ˈʃcanʲiː/ will learn |
Pronouns
1st person | grust /gɾˠʊʃtʲ/ I, me, mine, we, us, ours |
2nd person | dei /dʲɛ/ you, you all, yours, yours (pl) |
3rd person | siort /ʃɔɾˠt̪ˠ/ he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, theirs |
Numbers
Cosmic has a base-10 number system: 1 - ló2 - más
3 - diacht
4 - ca
5 - thia
6 - gi
7 - ala
8 - croch
9 - pá
10 - chia
100 - lu
1000 - cu
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n̪ˠt̪ˠaElse: Suffix -ɔn̪ˠt̪ˠa
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ɑːɲ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾˠtʲ
Else: Suffix -ia̯ɾˠtʲ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -iə̯
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -x
Else: Suffix -ia̯x
Noun to verb = Suffix -əi̯sˠ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɑː
Tending to = Suffix -uː
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾʲ
Else: Suffix -uːɾʲ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾʲ
Else: Suffix -uːɾʲ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾʲ
Else: Suffix -iə̯ɾʲ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -a
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -vˠoː
Else: Suffix -avˠoː
Augmentative = Suffix -ɔk
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