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Halenic Language Structure

The Language of Magic

Natively known as: Halenic

 
This is a place holder language and will change several times before it's finalized - Chris
  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind.
yach bas sbutgu puk lapl drunk yach izm lapl nguzu mib izm pre
Pronunciation: /jaʧ bas ˈsbutgu puk lapl drunk jaʧ izm lapl ˈŋuzu mib izm pʁə/
Word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet the wind to  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /b d g h j k l m n p q r s t w z ŋ ɢ ʁ ʂ ʐ ʤ ʧ χ/

↓Manner/Place→ Bilabial Alveolar Palato-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Labio-velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop p b t d k g q ɢ
Affricate ʧ ʤ
Fricative s z ʂ ʐ χ ʁ h
Approximant j w
Trill r
Lateral approximant l
 

Vowel inventory: /a i u ə/  

Front Central Back
High i u
Mid ə
Low a
 

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, bl, br, d, dr, g, gr, h, hr, j, k, kl, kw, l, m, mb, mr, n, p, pl, pʁ, q, r, s, sb, sh, sk, sl, st, sz, sŋ, t, tʁ, w, z, zr, ŋ, ŋr, ɢ, ʁ, ʂ, ʂʐ, ʐ, ʤ, ʧ, χ
Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bl, bt, d, dr, g, h, hw, j, k, kn, kp, ks, kt, l, lk, m, mp, n, ng, nh, nz, p, pl, pw, q, r, rg, rm, rs, rw, rʤ, s, st, t, tg, tʁ, tʧ, w, z, ŋ, ŋg, ŋh, ɢ, ʁ, ʁw, ʂ, ʐ, ʤ, ʧ, χ
Word final consonants: b, d, g, gs, h, js, k, l, lk, lt, lz, lʤ, m, n, nk, nt, p, pl, pt, q, r, rd, rk, rs, s, st, t, ts, w, wp, wt, wɢ, z, zd, zm, ŋg, ŋk, ŋn, ɢ, ʁ, ʂ, ʐ, ʤ, ʧ

  Phonological rules (in order of application):  

  • m→w / #_
  • N→ŋ / _#
  • sk→ʃ / #_
  • S→Ø / #_F
  Spelling rules:

Pronunciation Spelling
j y
ŋ ng
ə e
ɢ
ʁ r
ʂ
ʐ
ʤ j
ʧ ch
χ x
 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
 

Noun

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural ki /ki/
plural particle

 

Articles

Definite i /i/
the
Indefinite awp /awp/
a, some

 

Pronouns

1st singular tri /tʁi/
I, me
2nd singular ple /plə/
you
3rd singular masc bas /bas/
he, him, it
3rd singular fem u /u/
she, her, it
1st plural zra /zra/
we, us
2nd plural zi /zi/
you (all)
3rd plural sbungk /sbuŋk/
they, them
 

Possessive determiners

1st singular sle /slə/
my
2nd singular iwt /iwt/
your
3rd singular masc lapl /lapl/
his, its
3rd singular fem sngi /sŋi/
her, its
1st plural sbu /sbu/
our
2nd plural bi /bi/
your
3rd plural pu /pu/
their
 

Verbs

Future tense is indicated with the word:

Future particle az /az/
future tense particle

 

Present Past Remote past
1st person Suffix -i
presti /pʁəsˈti/
Suffix -id
prestid /ˈpʁəstid/
Suffix -at
prestat /ˈpʁəstat/
2nd person Suffix -ilz
prestilz /ˈpʁəstilz/
Suffix -u
prestu /ˈpʁəstu/
Suffix -ih
prestih /pʁəsˈtih/
3rd person If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ən
presten /pʁəsˈtən/
If ends with vowel: Suffix -kpu
Else: Suffix -akpu
prestakpu /pʁəsˈtakpu/
Suffix -a
presta /ˈpʁəsta/

 

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am studying,
and habitual actions, such as I study (every night).

It is indicated with the word:

Imperfect particle mi /mi/
imperfect particle

 

Perfect aspect

Perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’,
which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken
but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.

In Halenic, the perfect is constructed with an affix

Perfect Suffix -apt
prestapt /ˈpʁəstapt/
 

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -ab
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋhu
Else: Suffix -uŋhu
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -a
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kna
Else: Suffix -ukna
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʁi
Else: Suffix -utʁi
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Suffix -a
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rk
Else: Suffix -irk
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Suffix -as
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -is
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋg
Else: Suffix -iŋg
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wt
Else: Suffix -uwt
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁa
Else: Suffix -iʁa
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rwə
Else: Suffix -urwə
Augmentative = Suffix -i

Dictionary

4321 Words.

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