Noru

Noru (called mahsit by the Orisnuc) is another of the older languages, spoken primarily by the Orisnuc tribes in KaraKorum, and many of the people across the Longgrass Plains.
However, this language is also spoken by some goblin cultures, and medusa cultures. This makes Noru almost a "common language" for KaraKorum. Most citizens of KaraKorum are bilingual in both Common and Noru.

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A Breakdown of Noru

Examples of Noru

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...

mchi hûh mj’û sho nyet dhakhwit mchi zu nyet kihne b’letsha ta ho

Pronunciation: /mʧi hʊh mʄʊ ʃɔ ɲet ðakˈhwit mʧi zu ɲet kihˈne ɓletsˈha ta hɔ/

Noru word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d g h j k n s sʼ t w m v z

↓Manner/Place→	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	n
Stop	t d		k g
Fricative	s sʼ			h
Approximant		j

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i u ɔ ɵ ʊ

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Near-high			ʊ
High-mid	e	ɵ
Low-mid			ɔ
Low	a

Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable
Word initial consonants: d g gw h hd hn hs hw k kh n sd sh tg th tsh w
Mid-word consonants: d g gw h hd hgw hn hnh hs hw j kd khw ksd n sd sg sgw sh sʼ th tsd tsh w
Word final consonants: h k s t

Phonological changes (in order of application):

• w → v / _#
• C → ∅ / ʃ_

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɔ	o
ɵ	î
ʊ	û
j	y
θ	th
ð	dh
ŋ	ng
ɓ	b’
ɗ	d’
ɠ	g’
ɲ	ny
ʃ	sh
ʤ	j
ʄ	j’
ʧ	ch
ɣ	g̊

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.

Nominative	No affix tu /tu/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix nʤ- Else: Prefix nʤi- njitu /nʤiˈtu/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix ne- netu /neˈtu/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vi- vitu /viˈtu/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Prefix a- atu /aˈtu/ near/at/by (the/a) dog

Singular	No affix tu /tu/ dog
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix mk- Else: Prefix mkʊ- mkûtu /mkʊˈtu/ dogs

Articles

Noru has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	a /a/ I	trat /trat/ me	msî /msɵ/ mine	reh /reh/ to me	b’û /ɓʊ/ at me
2nd singular	so /sɔ/ you	ri /ri/ you	kî /kɵ/ yours	wa /wa/ to you	tra /tra/ at you
3rd singular masc	mj’û /mʄʊ/ he, it	va /va/ him, it	nyet /ɲet/ his, its	su /su/ to him, at it	mbo /mbɔ/ at him, at it
3rd singular fem	si /si/ she, it	nnî /nnɵ/ her, it	mpo /mpɔ/ hers, its	she /ʃe/ to her, at it	yîs /jɵs/ at her, at it
1st plural	ti /ti/ we	o /ɔ/ us	ît /ɵt/ ours	mzi /mzi/ to us	nywik /ɲwik/ at us
2nd plural	mpa /mpa/ you all	vyo /vjɔ/ you all	ho /hɔ/ yours (pl)	mzo /mzɔ/ to you all	yet /jet/ at you all
3rd plural	mfek /mfek/ they	ke /ke/ them	pî /pɵ/ theirs	vyû /vjʊ/ to them	na /na/ at them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	msî /msɵ/ my
2nd singular	kî /kɵ/ your
3rd singular masc	nyet /ɲet/ his
3rd singular fem	mpo /mpɔ/ her
1st plural	ît /ɵt/ our
2nd plural	ho /hɔ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	pî /pɵ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix mg’i /mɠi/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix su- sumg’i /sumˈɠi/ learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix mbw- Else: Prefix mbwe- mbwemg’i /mbwemˈɠi/ learned (long ago)
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix kw- Else: Prefix kwe- kwemg’i /kwemˈɠi/ will learn

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Noru uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If starts with vowel: Prefix nʤ- Else: Prefix nʤe- njemg’i /nʤemˈɠi/ have learned

Numbers

Noru has a base-10 number system:
1 - mj’îs
2 - kû
3 - tro
4 - kwî
5 - hu
6 - qa
7 - muk
8 - po
9 - mbwu
10 - at
11 - mj’îs mchi at “one and ten”
100 - b’û “hundred”
101 - b’û mj’îs “hundred one”
200 - kû b’û
1000 - njeyu “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix a-

Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mɠ-
Else: Prefix mɠe-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix e-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ɵ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɠ-
Else: Prefix ɠu-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix nʤ-
Else: Prefix nʤu-
Tending to = Prefix ɔ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mʧ-
Else: Prefix mʧɔ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix si-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix pw-
Else: Prefix pwa-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mz-
Else: Prefix mzu-
Diminutive = Prefix mwu-
Augmentative = Prefix ɵ-

Author's Note I used a lot of research on the Pre-Iriquois and mongolian languages, then sweated a bunch over the Vulgarlang.com tool to generate the language.

Dictionary

4506 Words.

Spoken by

• Orisnuc

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