Estri (ˈɛstʁi)

Natively known as: estri /ˈɛstʁi/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... stro e el suonrche cle fruerve stro vouirque sar el speudiutre buaque pie[alt] Pronunciation: /stʁo e el sɥɔ̃ʁʃ kle fʁɥeʁv stʁo vwiʁk saʁ el ˈspødjytʁ bwak pje/ Estri word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned[/alt]

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m n p s t v w z ɥ ɲ ʁ ʃ ʒ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d			k g
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ			ʁ
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-palatal	Labial-velar
Approximant	ɥ	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y ø œ ɑ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ ɛ ɛ̃

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e ø	o
Low-mid	ɛ ɛ̃ œ	ɔ ɔ̃
Low	a	ɑ̃

Syllable structure: Custom defined Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable Word initial consonants: b bj bl bw bʁ d dw dʁw f fl fw fʁ fʁɥ g gl gʁ j k kl kw kɥ kʁ kʁw l lj lw lɥ m mj mw n nw nɥ p pj pl pw pɥ pʁ s sp st stʁ sw sɥ t tj tʁ tʁw v vj vw vʁ w z ɥ ʁ ʁj ʁw ʃ ʃw ʒ ʒw ʒɥ Mid-word consonants: b bl bɥ bʁ bʒ d dbʁ dj dm dɥ dʁ dʒ f fj fl fw fʁ g gl gm gz gʁ j k kl km kn ks ksj ksp kspl kt ktɥ ktʁ kʁ l lgʁ lj lk ll lm ls lt lv lw lɥ lʒ m md mw n nd nm nɥ p pj pl plw pm psj pt pɥ pʁ s sj sk sl sm sp st stj stw stʁ stʁɥ sɥ t tj tm tn tw tɥ tʁ v vj vl vm vn vw vʁ z zj zn zw ɲ ʁ ʁd ʁdɥ ʁf ʁfw ʁj ʁk ʁkw ʁl ʁm ʁn ʁnj ʁpʁ ʁs ʁsj ʁsk ʁsp ʁsɥ ʁt ʁtj ʁv ʁw ʁʃ ʁʒ ʃ ʃt ʒ ʒj ʒm Word final consonants: b bl bʁ d dʁ f fʁ g j k kl ks kst kt l lk lm lʒ m n nd p pl pt pʁ s sk st stʁ t tm tʁ v vʁ z ɲ ʁ ʁd ʁdʁ ʁk ʁl ʁm ʁn ʁs ʁsk ʁt ʁv ʁʃ ʁʒ ʃ ʒ
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
e	e*4 | er / _#
ksj	cti
ks	xe / _#
ks	x
k	que / _#
kt	ct
sk	squ
k	c / !_{i,e,ɛ}
k	qu
d	de / _#
t#	te
wi	oui
wɛ̃	oin
jɛ̃	ien
ɛ̃	in
wɑ{a,ɑ}	oi
ʒ	g / _{i,e,ɛ}
ʒm	gem
ɥ	u
y	u
j	i
ʒ	ge / _#
ʒ	j
ʃ	che / _#
ɲ	gn
∅	e / CC_#
v	ve / _#
ʃ	ch
ʁ	r | rd | rt / _#
ʁ	r
ɔ̃	on | om / _#
ɔ̃	on
ɔ	o
ɑ̃	an
ɛ	e
ø	eu
œ	eu
w	u

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

	Singular	Plural
Ergative	Suffix -u miotu /ˈmjɔtu/ dog (doing the verb to something)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁs Else: Suffix -uʁs mioturse /ˈmjɔtuʁs/ dogs (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁm Else: Suffix -øʁm mioteurme /ˈmjɔtøʁm/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -bʁ Else: Suffix -ebʁ miotebre /ˈmjɔtebʁ/ dogs (doing the verb, but not to something)
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʁ Else: Suffix -ɑ̃tʁ miotantre /ˈmjɔtɑ̃tʁ/ dogʼs	Suffix -ɑ̃dʁ miotandre /ˈmjɔtɑ̃dʁ/ dogsʼ

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	an /ɑ̃/ the	prevre /pʁɛvʁ/ a
Plural	strop /stʁop/ the	cuel /kwɛl/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive	Genitive
1st singular	an /ɑ̃/ I	lig /lig/ me, I	zolge /zolʒ/ mine
2nd singular	vom /vɔ̃/ you	i /i/ you	uo /ɥo/ yours
3rd singular masc	e /e/ he, it	pu /py/ him, it	vouilge /vwilʒ/ his, its
3rd singular fem	flu /fly/ she, it	otme /otm/ her, it	tiu /tjy/ hers, its
1st plural	uodre /wodʁ/ we	dorme /dɔʁm/ us, we	min /mɛ̃/ ours
2nd plural	ol /ɔl/ you all	tra /tʁa/ you all	pre /pʁɛ/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	pue /pɥɛ/ they	uque /uk/ them, they	quer /keʁ/ theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	o /ɔ/ my
2nd singular	sua /swa/ your
3rd singular masc	el /el/ his
3rd singular fem	foui /fwi/ her
1st plural	age /aʒ/ our
2nd plural	vouirde /vwiʁd/ your (pl)
3rd plural	satre /satʁ/ their

Verbs

Present	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁʒ Else: Suffix -ɑ̃ʁʒ vopranrge /ˈvɔpʁɑ̃ʁʒ/ learn
Past	No affix vopran /ˈvɔpʁɑ̃/ learned
Remote past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -kt Else: Suffix -akt voprancte /ˈvɔpʁɑ̃kt/ learned (long ago)
Future	Suffix -esk vopranesque /ˈvɔpʁɑ̃esk/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Estri uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁt Else: Suffix -ɑ̃ʁt vopranrte /ˈvɔpʁɑ̃ʁt/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Estri uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁt Else: Suffix -ɔʁt vopranrte /ˈvɔpʁɑ̃ʁt/ have learned

Numbers

Estri has a base-20 number system:
1 - uin 2 - bupre 3 - pre 4 - croui 5 - luan 6 - creva 7 - do 8 - flu 9 - pu 10 - i 11 - jolme 12 - bruxe 13 - pieque 14 - quesque 15 - viarde 16 - sivru 17 - eche 18 - pligmo 19 - toi 20 - pranrse 21 - pranrseuin “twenty-one” 400 - anrdre “fourhundred” 401 - anrdre stro uin “fourhundred and one” 800 - bupre anrdre “two fourhundred” 8000 - sisa “eightthousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pl Else: Suffix -opl Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ym Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ot Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -dʁ Else: Suffix -adʁ Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -i Noun to verb = Suffix -ɛ̃ Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -œ Tending to = Suffix -ɛʁ Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁʒ Else: Suffix -ɔʁʒ Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʁ Else: Suffix -ɑ̃tʁ One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tm Else: Suffix -ɛ̃tm Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ed Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -ag Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɲ Else: Suffix -iɲ

Dictionary

4465 Words.