There are hundreds of distinct races across the face of Golarion, of which many are possibly still undiscovered. I have spent decades to travel to various far ends of Golarion meeting and learning the customs of different races.
~Mordron the Wise

Human
Halfling
Goblin (Good Aligned)
Dwarf
Gnome
Elves

Below this point, I have included races that, while each possessing their own civilizations or society, are not as wide spread as the main civilized races of Golarion.
~Mordron, Addendum #1

Goblins (Evil Aligned)