Vodotrovian

Natively known as: ftirt /ftirt/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ne spri posh ju spri zvop ne fpa spri frirkh pa stsask fsa
Pronunciation: /ne spri poʂ ju spri zvop ne fʲpʲa spri frirx pa sʦask fsʲa/
Vodotrovian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b bʲ d dʲ f fʲ g j k l lʲ m mʲ n nʲ p pʲ r rʲ s sʲ t tʲ v vʲ x z zʲ ɕː ʂ ʂː ʐ ʐː ʦ ʨ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m mʲ		n nʲ
Stop	p pʲ b bʲ		t tʲ d dʲ				k g
Affricate			ʦ		ʨ
Fricative		f fʲ v vʲ	s sʲ z zʲ	ʂ ʂː ʐ ʐː	ɕː		x
Approximant						j
Trill			r rʲ
Lateral approximant			l lʲ

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Word initial consonants: b bl blʲ br brʲ bʲ d dlʲ dn dr drʲ dv dvʲ dʲ f fk fklʲ fp fpr fr fsk fsp fst fstrʲ fsʲ fsʲlʲ ft fx fʲ fʲpʲ g gdʲ gl glʲ gr grʲ j k kl klʲ knʲ kr krʲ kst kt kv l lʲ m mgn ml mn mnʲ mʲ n nr nʲ p pl plʲ pr prʲ ptʲ pʲ r rʲ s sj sk skr skv sl sm smʲ sn sp spr sprʲ spʲ sr srʲ st str strʲ stv sv svʲ sx sxv sʦ sʲ sʲlʲ sʲnʲ sʲtʲ t tk tr trʲ tv tvʲ tʲ v vd vdr vl vlʲ vmʲ vn vnʲ vr vrʲ vzd vzglʲ vzr vzʲ vʲ x xlʲ xr xv z zd zdr zl zn zrʲ zv zvʲ zʲ zʲdʲ ɕː ʂ ʂk ʂlʲ ʂt ʐ ʐd ʦ ʦvʲ ʨ ʨlʲ
Mid-word consonants: b bj bl blʲ bn br bʲ d dj dl dlʲ dmʲ dn dr dv dvʲ dʲ dʲb dʲnʲ f fk fsk fstrʲ fsʲ ft ftr fʂ fʨ fʲ g gd gl glʲ gr gz gʐ j jg jk jm jn jsk jstv jstvʲ jtʲ jʂ k kl klʲ kn kr krʲ kt ktʲ kv kʦ l ld lg lk ln lnʲ lp lst lt lʐ lʐn lʨ lʲ lʲk lʲn lʲnʲ lʲstv lʲstvʲ lʲt lʲz lʲzʲ lʲʂ lʲʦ lʲʨ m mk mlʲ mn mnʲ mp mʲ mʲj mʲpʲ n nd nf nglʲ ngr nk nr nsk nspʲ nstv nstvʲ ntr nʐ nʦ nʲ nʲdʲ nʲg nʲk nʲsʲtʲ nʲtʲ nʲɕː nʲʨ p pk pl plʲ pn pr prʲ pst pstvʲ px pɕː pʲ r rd rdʲ rg rk rl rm rmʲ rn rnʲ rpʲ rsk rstv rstvʲ rsʲ rt rtk rtrʲ rtv rtʲ rv rx rxn rxnʲ rʂ rʐ rʐd rʦ rʨ rʲ rʲb rʲj rʲm s sk sklʲ skv sl sm smʲ sn sp spʲ st stk str strʲ stv stvʲ sx sʲ sʲlʲ sʲm sʲnʲ sʲtʲ sʲtʲj t tk tkr tlʲ tmʲ tn tp tpr tprʲ tpʲ tr trʲ tvʲ tx tʲ tʲj tʲnʲ v vd vg vlʲ vn vnʲ vr vrʲ vʲ vʲj x xk xn xnʲ xr xv z zb zd zg zglʲ zm zmʲ zn zr zrʲ zv zvr zvʲ zʲ zʲb zʲdʲ zʲj zʲlʲ zʲnʲ ɕː ɕːn ʂ ʂk ʂl ʂn ʂnʲ ʂsk ʂt ʂː ʐ ʐb ʐd ʐdʲ ʐn ʐnʲ ʐː ʦ ʦk ʦs ʦsʲ ʦt ʦtv ʦtvʲ ʨ ʨk ʨn ʨnʲ ʨt ʨtʲ
Word final consonants: blʲ brʲ f fʲ j k kst kt l lk lp lʲ lʲm m mʲ n nk nkt nt ntr nʲ p r rk rs rt rtʲ rx rʲ s sk sl st str sʲ sʲlʲ sʲnʲ sʲtʲ t tr tʲ x z zm zʲnʲ ɕː ʂ ʂtʲ ʦ ʨ
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʨ	ch
x	kh
ʐ	zh
ʂ	sh
ʦ	ts
ʲ
ɕː	shch

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Singular	No affix gusl /gusl/ dog
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix kst- Else: Prefix ksto- kstogusl /ˈkstogusl/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	khvo /xvo/ the	vrasn /vrasʲnʲ/ a
Plural	urs /urs/ the	ontr /ontr/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’

Pronouns

1st singular	ni /ni/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	skvim /skvim/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	spri /spri/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	fklu /fklʲu/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	stva /stva/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	i /i/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	vdre /vdre/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	ni /ni/ my
2nd singular	skvim /skvim/ your
3rd singular masc	spri /spri/ his
3rd singular fem	fklu /fklʲu/ her
1st plural	stva /stva/ our
2nd plural	i /i/ your (pl)
3rd plural	vdre /vdre/ their

Verbs

Vodotrovian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: spʲi - spi sprasht /spʲi sprʲaʂtʲ/ learned

Vodotrovian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: fʲu - fu sprasht /fʲu sprʲaʂtʲ/ will learn

Numbers

Vodotrovian has a base-10 number system:
1 - at
2 - zhdoe
3 - smiznok
4 - e
5 - u
6 - gach
7 - ple
8 - zhi
9 - stsam
10 - dish
11 - dishat “ten-one”
100 - at nro “one hundred”
101 - at nro at “one hundred one”
200 - zhdoe nro
1000 - at fkho “one thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rx
Else: Suffix -irx
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -otʲ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lk
Else: Suffix -alk
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lp
Else: Suffix -ilp
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -a
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -zm
Else: Suffix -azm
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix glʲe-
Tending to = Prefix o-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -urt
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix do-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lp
Else: Suffix -ilp
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -efʲ
Diminutive = Suffix -esʲnʲ
Augmentative = Prefix xu-

Dictionary

4568 Words.