Old Brasiite

Natively known as: Gledsed /glɛdst/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
yy ey enhy jurned ey pit yy nelth ey chois threiged gly frurs
Pronunciation: /jiː ˈeɪ ˈɛnhiː ʤʌɹnd ˈeɪ pɪt jiː nɛlθ ˈeɪ ˈʧɔɪz ˈθɹeɪgd gliː fɹʌɹs/
Gledsedian word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ɾ ʃ ʍ ʤ ʧ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ			h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Tap				ɾ
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labio-velar
Approximant	ʍ w

Vowel inventory: /aɪ aʊ eɪ iː juː oʊ uː æ ɑ ɑː ɔɪ ɔː ɛ ɛə ɜː ɪ ɪə ʊ ʊə ʌ/
Diphthongs: aɪ, aʊ, eɪ, juː, oʊ, ɔɪ, ɛə, ɪə, ʊə ?

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜː	ʌ ɔː
Near-low	æ
Low			ɑ ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Word initial consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, g, gl, gɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ
Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bj, bl, bm, bn, bs, bskj, bskɹ, bst, bstɹ, bt, bv, bz, bɹ, bɾ, bʤ, d, df, dg, dgɹ, dj, dkw, dl, dm, dn, ds, dv, dw, dɹ, dʃ, f, fj, fl, fspɹ, ft, ftl, ftw, fɹ, g, gj, gl, gm, gn, gz, gɹ, gʤ, h, j, k, kd, kf, kgɹ, kj, kl, km, kn, ks, ksf, ksk, kskj, kskl, kskw, ksm, ksp, kspl, kspɹ, kst, kstɹ, ksw, ksʧ, kt, ktf, ktl, ktɹ, kw, kz, kɹ, kʃ, kʧ, l, lb, ld, ldf, ldh, ldl, ldn, ldɹ, lf, lg, lgɹ, lj, lk, lkj, ll, lm, ln, lp, lpf, lpl, lptj, ls, lsh, lsʍ, lt, ltj, ltɹ, lv, lw, lð, lɹ, lʤ, lʧ, lθ, m, mb, mbl, mbɹ, mf, mfl, mft, mfɹ, mh, mj, ml, mn, mp, mpj, mpl, mpt, mptl, mpɹ, mpʃ, mpʧ, ms, mst, mt, mw, mz, mɹ, mʧ, mθ, n, nb, nbɹ, nd, ndj, ndl, ndm, ndɹ, nf, nfj, nfl, nfɹ, ng, ngɹ, nh, nj, nk, nkl, nkw, nkɹ, nl, nm, nn, npl, ns, nsf, nsj, nskɹ, nsl, nsm, nsp, nst, nstɹ, nt, ntl, ntm, ntɹ, nv, nw, nz, nzl, nzp, nɹ, nʃ, nʤ, nʤm, nʧ, nθj, p, pj, pl, pm, pt, pw, pɹ, pʃ, pʧ, s, sd, sf, sg, sgɹ, sj, sk, skj, skl, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spj, spl, st, stj, stl, stm, stw, stɹ, sw, sʧ, t, tb, tf, tj, tl, tm, tn, ts, tsm, tw, tɹ, v, vj, vl, vm, vn, vɹ, w, z, zb, zd, zj, zl, zm, ð, ðdɹ, ðst, ŋ, ŋg, ŋgj, ŋgl, ŋgw, ŋgɹ, ŋk, ŋkt, ŋkw, ŋkʃ, ŋkʧ, ŋl, ɹ, ɹb, ɹd, ɹf, ɹg, ɹk, ɹl, ɹm, ɹml, ɹn, ɹpl, ɹs, ɹsm, ɹt, ɹtl, ɹv, ɹʃ, ɹʤ, ɹʧ, ɹθw, ɾ, ʃ, ʃm, ʃn, ʤ, ʤm, ʤt, ʧ, ʧl, ʧm, θ, θf, θl, θɹ
Word final consonants: b, bd, bl, bz, d, dst, dz, f, fs, ft, g, gd, gz, k, ks, kst, kt, kts, l, ld, ldz, lf, lk, lm, ls, lt, lts, lv, lvd, lvz, lz, lθ, m, md, mp, mps, mpt, mz, n, nd, ndz, ns, nst, nt, nts, nz, nʤ, nʤd, nʧ, nθ, p, ps, pt, r, rm, s, sk, sp, spt, st, sts, t, ts, v, vd, vz, z, zd, ð, ðz, ŋ, ŋd, ŋk, ŋks, ŋkt, ŋz, ɹ, ɹd, ɹdz, ɹk, ɹks, ɹkt, ɹm, ɹmd, ɹmz, ɹn, ɹnd, ɹs, ɹst, ɹt, ɹts, ɹz, ɹʃ, ɹʧt, ɹθ, ʃ, ʃt, ʤ, ʤd, ʧ, ʧt, θ, θs
Phonological changes (in order of application): ?

• {k,g} → [+palatal] / _{j,E}

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
#y#	i
#ʤ	j
(C)(td)#	$1ed
(C)[zs]#	$1s
(C)ju	$1u
aʊ#	ow
aʊ	ou
c#	k
cc	ck
eə	ere
eɪ(C)#	a$1e
iː#	y
iː	ee
j	y
ji	yi
k(?![ɪiɛs])	c
kt#	cked
kw	qu
oʊ(C)	o$1e
oʊ	o
quur	quir
uː(C)#	u$1e
uː	u
z#	s
æ([tlsz])#	a$1$1
æ	a
ð	th
ŋ	ng
ŋg	ng
ŋk	nk
ɑː?	a
ɔɪ	oi
ɔː	or
ɛ	e
ɜː	ur
ɪ#	y
ɪ	i
ɪə	ear
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
ʊ	oo
ʌ	u
ʍ	wh
ʤ#	ge
ʤ	dg
ʧ	ch
θ	th

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix beirk /ˈbeɪɹk/ the dog	Suffix -ɑ beirca /beˈɪɹkɑ/ the dogs
Indefinite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -njeɪ Else: Suffix -aɪnjeɪ beircainyei /ˌbeɪɹˈkaɪnjeɪ/ a dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -vɹɑ Else: Suffix -ɑvɹɑ beircavra /ˌbeɪɹˈkɑvɹɑ/ some dogs

Articles

Gledsedian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	lad /lɑd/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	spei /speɪ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ei /eɪ/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	ror /ɹɔː/ she, her, hers
1st plural	saged /sɑgd/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	strursped /stɹɜːspt/ you (all), yours
3rd plural	sairth /saɪɹθ/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	lad /lɑd/ my
2nd singular	spey /ˈspeɪ/ your
3rd singular masc	ey /ˈeɪ/ his
3rd singular fem	ror /ɹɔː/ her
1st plural	saged /sɑgd/ our
2nd plural	spey /ˈspeɪ/ your
3rd plural	sairth /ˈsaɪɹθ/ their

Verbs

Gledsedian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	thums /ðjuːmz/ past particle

Gledsedian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

durched /dɜːʧt/ will

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am studying and habitual actions, such as I study (every night).
Gledsedian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If ends with vowel: Suffix -btaʊ Else: Suffix -ɔɪbtaʊ trarmoibtou /tɹærˈmɔɪbtaʊ/ is studying

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Gledsedian uses the word for ‘finish’ velk for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Gledsedian has a base-10 number system:

• 1 - lalk
• 2 - kem
• 3 - ans
• 4 - ro
• 5 - aged
• 6 - gu
• 7 - sty
• 8 - choi
• 9 - snor
• 10 - in
• 11 - lalk yy in “one and ten”
• 100 - lalk sub “one hundred”
• 101 - lalk sub lalk “one hundred one”
• 200 - kem sub
• 1000 - lalk scash “one thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ɑɹd
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɛn
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -oʊ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -dgɹoʊ
Else: Suffix -ɪdgɹoʊ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -dkwoʊ
Else: Suffix -ɪdkwoʊ
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ld
Else: Suffix -oʊld
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mɹuː
Else: Suffix -ɪəmɹuː
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -seɪ
Else: Suffix -ɑseɪ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pmeɪ
Else: Suffix -aɪpmeɪ
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Suffix -aʊ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -dst
Else: Suffix -ædst
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -juːlts
Diminutive = Suffix -ædst
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ftwɔː
Else: Suffix -eɪftwɔː

Geographical Distribution

This used to be the dominant language of the Brasiite in Brasi.

Dictionary

4384 Words.

Common Female Names

• Engusped /ˈɛŋgʌspt/
• Brouch /bɹaʊʧ/
• Sleilth /sleɪlθ/
• Saindgur /ˈsaɪnʤɜː/
• Prich /pɹɪʧ/
• Dreifed /dɹeɪft/
• Pes /pɛs/
• Snorrn /snɔːɹn/
• Fathlerts /ˈfæθlɛɹts/
• Petor /ˈpɛtɔː/

Common Male Names

• Steinsed /steɪnst/
• Whurled /ʍɜːlt/
• Squoilved /skwɔɪlvd/
• Grereng /gɹɛəŋ/
• Brurnge /bɹɜːnʤ/
• Toinge /tɔɪnʤ/
• Gudged /guːʤd/
• Rors /ɹɔːs/
• Smadvy /ˈsmædviː/
• Smar /smæɹ/

Common Unisex Names

• Smarla /ˈsmæɹlɑ/
• Doushmai /ˈdaʊʃmaɪ/
• Kelv /kɛlv/
• Speedged /spiːʤd/
• Grearzed /gɹɪəzd/
• Fraived /fɹaɪvd/
• Sarks /sæɹks/
• Racked /ɹɑːkt/
• Speilm /speɪlm/
• Veeksed /viːkst/