Prákszti
Natively known as: pɹákszti /ˈpɹaːksti/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...tɹurt tö fla nomí frʌ gúmd tɹurt mɔː frʌ hʊə̯ to ɪə̯ aʊ̯loʊ̯
Pronunciation: /tɹurt tø flɒ ˈnomiː frʌ guːmd tɹurt mɔː frʌ hʊə̯ to ɪə̯ ˈaʊ̯loʊ̯/
Pɹákszti word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z ð ŋ ɟ ɲ ɹ ʃ ʍ ʤ ʦ ʧ θ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Stop | b p | t d | ɟ | k g | ||||
Affricate | ʦ | ʧ ʤ | ||||||
Fricative | f v | θ ð | z s | ʃ | h | |||
Approximant | ɹ | j | ||||||
Trill | r | |||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w ʍ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i y iː yː | u uː | |
Near-high | ɪ | ʊ | |
High-mid | eː ø øː | o oː | |
Low-mid | ɛ | ɜː | ʌ ɔː |
Near-low | æ | ||
Low | aː | ɒ ɑ ɑː |
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ɒ | a |
aː | á |
uː | ú |
yː | ű |
y | ü |
s | sz |
ʒ | zs |
c | ty |
ʦ | c |
ʧ | cs |
ɛ | e |
eː | é |
ɟ | gy |
iː | í |
ɲ | ny |
oː | ó |
øː | ő |
ø | ö |
ʃ | s |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Singular | No affix púɹszmű /ˈpuːɹsmyː/ dog |
Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix uːn- Else: Prefix uːnɑ- únɑpúɹszmű /ˌuːnɑˈpuːɹsmyː/ dogs |
Articles
Definite | sztɹor /stɹor/ the |
Indefinite | hæt /hæt/ a, some |
- Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
- Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
- Used with place names: ‘The London’
Pronouns
1st singular | soʊ̯ktsz /ʃoʊ̯kts/ I, me, mine |
2nd singular | blʌ /blʌ/ you, yours |
3rd singular masc | tö /tø/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc) |
3rd singular fem | tɹú /tɹuː/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem) |
1st plural inclusive | tó /toː/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | vóp /voːp/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
2nd plural | só /ʃoː/ you all, yours (pl) |
3rd plural | thaʊ̯ /thaʊ̯/ they, them, theirs |
Possessive determiners
Possessive | |
---|---|
1st singular | glínd /gliːnd/ my |
2nd singular | dá /daː/ your |
3rd singular masc | frʌ /frʌ/ his |
3rd singular fem | pe /pɛ/ her |
1st plural inclusive | fe /fɛ/ our (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | θűv /θyːv/ our (excluding you) |
2nd plural | pí /piː/ your (pl) |
3rd plural | geə̯ /gɛə̯/ their |
Verbs
Present | Past | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Prefix skʌ- szkʌdɹú /ˈskʌdɹuː/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn(s) | Prefix gɛə̯- geə̯dɹú /ˈgɛə̯dɹuː/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned |
Plural | Prefix kɔː- kɔːdɹú /ˈkɔːdɹuː/ (we/you all/they) learn | No affix dɹú /dɹuː/ (we/you all/they) learned |
Future | Particle before the verb: kint - kint dɹú /kint dɹuː/ will learn |
Numbers
Pɹákszti has a base-10 number system: 1 - fí2 - ó
3 - kwő
4 - sʊ
5 - ɹaʊ̯
6 - bɹás
7 - físztlo
8 - gɪə̯
9 - vű
10 - nyí
100 - seɪ̯
1000 - gyaj
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋkElse: Suffix -ɛŋk
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -yːgz
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -go
Else: Suffix -øgo
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix i-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix o-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix sw-
Else: Prefix swɛə̯-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix gɹɜː-
Tending to = Suffix -ɪnst
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix spl-
Else: Prefix splo-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ɪ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɛt
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -ɑːm
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix dɹ-
Else: Prefix dɹɛə̯-
Augmentative = Suffix -ɒll
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