Basil

Basil is a fragrant, bushy herb that is a staple in kitchens and gardens around the world. This herbaceous plant, originating from tropical regions of central Africa and Southeast Asia, typically grows 1 to 2 feet tall and features broad, oval-shaped leaves that are bright green and glossy. Basil thrives in warm, sunny environments with well-drained soil and is known for its rich aroma, which comes from essential oils like eugenol and linalool. Widely cultivated for its culinary uses, basil adds a distinctive flavor to dishes, particularly in Mediterranean and Asian cuisines. Beyond the kitchen, basil also boasts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable plant in traditional medicine. Despite its delicate nature and susceptibility to pests, basil's versatility and ease of growth have made it a beloved plant in gardens worldwide.

Basic Information

Anatomy

Leaves: Broad, oval-shaped leaves that are green and glossy. The edges are slightly toothed.
Stem: Square-shaped, typical of the mint family, with a green or purplish hue.
Flowers: Small, white, and tubular, arranged in clusters along spikes.
Roots: Fibrous root system.

Biological Traits

Aromatic Compounds: Contains essential oils like eugenol and linalool, contributing to its distinctive aroma and flavor.
Medicinal Properties: Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Genetics and Reproduction

Reproduction: Primarily by seeds, but can also propagate through cuttings.
Genetics: Numerous cultivars exist, each bred for specific traits such as flavor, leaf size, and color.

Growth Rate & Stages

Seed Germination: Seeds germinate within 5 to 10 days under optimal conditions.
Juvenile Stage: Rapid growth, with seedlings developing true leaves within a few weeks.
Mature Stage: Plants reach full maturity in about 60 to 90 days, ready for harvest.

Ecology and Habitats

Habitat: Prefers warm, sunny environments with well-drained soil. Commonly grown in gardens, greenhouses, and pots.
Role in Ecosystem: Attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies. Acts as a companion plant, deterring pests.

Dietary Needs and Habits

Nutrient Requirements: Prefers nutrient-rich, well-drained soil. Regular fertilization supports vigorous growth.
Water Needs: Requires consistent moisture but should not be waterlogged.

Biological Cycle

Active Period: Grows actively during the warmer months.
Dormant Period: Can become dormant or die back in colder temperatures unless grown indoors.

Behaviour

Responds to pruning by becoming bushier. Sensitive to cold temperatures.

Additional Information

Social Structure

Grows well in clusters and alongside other plants.

Domestication

Widely domesticated and cultivated for culinary and medicinal uses.

Uses, Products & Exploitation

Culinary Uses: Widely used as a fresh herb in cooking, particularly in Mediterranean and Asian cuisines.
Medicinal Uses: Used in traditional medicine for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Essential Oils: Extracted for use in aromatherapy and cosmetics.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Originates from tropical regions of Faerun and the Azure Isles, but now grown worldwide.

Symbiotic and Parasitic organisms

Symbiotic: Attracts beneficial insects and pollinators.
Parasitic: Susceptible to pests like aphids and diseases such as downy mildew.

Scientific Name

Ocimum basilicum

Lifespan

1-2 years

Conservation Status

Least concern

Average Height

1 to 2 feet

Average Weight

2-7 grams

Average Physique

Bushy, herbaceous plant with dense foliage.

Body Tint, Colouring and Marking

Leaves are typically bright green, but can also be purple depending on the variety.