The language spoken by Aerzi’s.
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ɛːg
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -iːl
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -us
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -əːʦ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -id
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -əːʦ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ud
Tending to = Suffix -oʦ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -əd
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɛː
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ap
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ig
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -ud
Augmentative = Suffix -i
Hagdukuian is the same as English.
Hagdukuian has 243 Consonants.
Consonant inventory: b d f g g͡b h k k͡p l m n p q r s t v w z ɢ ʁ ʃ ʒ ʔ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ χ
p b
Manner/Place |
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Alveolar |
Palato-Alveolar |
Velar |
Uvular |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
Stop |
|
t d |
|
k g |
q ɢ |
ʔ |
|
Affricate |
|
|
ʦ ʣ |
ʧ ʤ |
|
|
|
Fricative |
|
f v |
s z |
ʃ ʒ |
|
χ ʁ |
h |
Trill |
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
Lateral approximant |
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels
Hagdukuian has 14 vowels.
|
Front |
Central |
Mid |
High |
iː i |
|
u uː |
High-Mid |
e ø |
|
o |
Mid |
|
ə əː |
|
Low-Mid |
ɛ ɛː |
|
ɔ |
Low |
a |
|
|
Verb tense
|
Future |
1st singular |
Suffix -ok͡p
awsokp /ˈɔsok͡p/
(I) will learn |
2nd singular |
Suffix -iː
awsii /ɔˈsiː/
(you) will learn |
3rd singular masc |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -ɛːd
awsèèd /ˈɔsɛːd/ |
3rd singular fem |
Suffix -e
awse /ˈɔse/ |
1st plural inclusive |
Suffix -ɛl
awsèl /ˈɔsɛl/ |
1st plural exclusive |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁ
Else: Suffix -ɔʁ
awsawr̊ /ɔˈsɔʁ/ |
2nd plural |
Suffix -u
awsu /ˈɔsu/
(you all) will learn |
3rd plural masc |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ɔg
awsawg /ɔˈsɔg/ |
3rd plural fem |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -q
Else: Suffix -eq
awseq /ˈɔseq/ |
Verb tense feminine
|
Future |
1st singular |
Suffix -a
awsa /ˈɔsa/
(I) will learn |
2nd singular |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -iːp
awsiip /ɔˈsiːp/
(you) will learn |
3rd singular masc |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -ɔv
awsawv /ˈɔsɔv/ |
3rd singular fem |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -z
Else: Suffix -əːz
awsààz /ˈɔsəːz/ |
1st plural inclusive |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -us
awsus /ˈɔsus/ |
1st plural exclusive |
Suffix -aw
awsaw /ɔˈsaw/ |
2nd plural |
Suffix -o
awso /ˈɔso/
(you all) will learn |
3rd plural masc |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ
Else: Suffix -iʃ
awsish /ˈɔsiʃ/ |
3rd plural fem |
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʣ
Else: Suffix -oʣ
awsodz /ɔˈsoʣ/ |
Hagdukuian uses a standalone particle word for past tense
Past |
Particle before the verb: wəɢ -
wàg̊ aws /wəɢ ɔs/
learned |
Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
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