...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
nun orede i sedeke sonin nun giteka heran i tsotsun on uki
Pronunciation: /mun oreˈde i sedeˈke soˈnin mun giteˈka heˈran i tsotˈsun on uˈki/
Arokan word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b c d f g h k l m n p r s t w/
| ↓Manner/Place→ |
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m |
|
n |
|
|
|
| Stop |
p b |
|
t d |
c |
k g |
|
| Fricative |
|
f |
s |
|
|
h |
| Trill |
|
|
r |
|
|
|
| Lateral approximant |
|
|
l |
|
|
|
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ |
Labial-velar |
| Approximant |
w |
Vowel inventory: /a e i o u/
|
Front |
Back |
| High |
i |
u |
| High-mid |
e |
o |
| Low |
a |
|
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: b, ch, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, ts, w
Mid-word consonants: b, ch, d, g, h, k, m, mb, mp, n, ns, p, r, s, t, ts, w
Word final consonants: n
Phonological changes (in order of application):
- i → ∅ / a_
- a → i / _Ci
- s → ʤ / {i,u}_V
- e → i / #_
- d → ʧ / _{i,u}
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation |
Spelling |
| ŋ |
n |
| m |
n |
| j |
y |
| ɾ |
r |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into
Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
|
Past |
Present |
Future |
| Singular |
Prefix a'
a'aba /a'aba/ |
Prefix ni'
ni'aba /ni'aba/ |
If starts with vowel: Prefix k'
Else: Prefix ki'
k'aba /kaˈba/ |
| Plural |
If starts with vowel: Prefix p'
Else: Prefix po'
p'aba /p'aba/ |
Prefix na'
na'aba /na'aba/ |
Prefix he'
he'aba /he'aba/ |
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix so-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ts-
Else: Prefix tse-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ts-
Else: Prefix tse-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix i-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mu-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix i-
Tending to = Prefix u-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix u-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ts-
Else: Prefix tso-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix ma-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fu-
Diminutive = Prefix i-
Augmentative = Prefix u-
Comments