Estreis

Estreis wird rund um die Meerenge von Virez gesprochen. Es ist die amtliche Sprache der Konföderation von Estana und von K'estra.

Grammatik

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
cler prom cons jeni co ches cler mannhs co pras sau mi preidavam
Pronunciation: /klɛɾ pɾõ kõʃ ʒẽj kɔ ʃɨs klɛɾ mɐ̃ɲs kɔ pɾaʃ sɐw mi pɾɛjˈdɐvɐ̃/
Estreis word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m n p s t v w z ɲ ɾ ʁ ʃ ʎ ʒ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		d t			k g
Fricative		v f	s z	ʒ ʃ			ʁ
Approximant					j
Tap			ɾ
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e ẽ i ĩ o õ u ũ ɐ ɐ̃ ɐ̃w̃ ɔ ɛ ɨ
Diphthongs: ɐ̃w̃ ?

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ	u ũ
High-mid	e ẽ		o õ
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Near-low		ɐ ɐ̃
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	qu
k	qu / _{i,e,ɛ}
k	c
ʎ	lh
j	i
ʒ	j
ɾ	r
ʁ	r
ʃ	s / _#
ʃ	s / _C
ʃ	ch
ɲ	nh
ɐ̃w̃	ão
w	u
ɨ	e
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
ĩ	im / _#
ĩ	im / _{p,b}
ĩ	in
ũ	um / _#
ũ	um / _{p,b}
ũ	un
ẽ	em / _#
ẽ	em / _{p,b}
ẽ	en
ɐ̃	am / _#
ɐ̃	am / _{p,b}
ɐ̃	an
ɐ	a
õ	om / _#
õ	im / _{p,b}
õ	on

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Singular	Prefix sɔ- soquelmui /sɔˈkɛlmuj/ dog
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bĩ- binquelmui /bĩˈkɛlmuj/ dogs

Articles

Definite	lhe /ʎe/ the
Indefinite	sanhs /sɐɲs/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

1st singular	os /oʃ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	clem /klẽ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	prom /pɾõ/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	crunus /kɾũwʃ/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural	mou /mow/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	fa /fɐ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	le /le/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	duam /dwɐ̃/ my
2nd singular	crunr /kɾũʁ/ your
3rd singular masc	co /kɔ/ his
3rd singular fem	a /ɐ/ her
1st plural	quis /kiʃ/ our
2nd plural	ranus /ʁɐ̃wʃ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	a /a/ their

Verbs

Future

Prefix ʒõ- jonquins /ʒõˈkĩs/ will learn

Estreis uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: kɾĩ - crim quins /kɾĩ kĩs/ learned

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Estreis uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If starts with vowel: Prefix ɐʁs- Else: Prefix ɐʁsɐ- arsaquins /ɐʁˈsɐkĩs/ have learned

Numbers

Estreis has a base-10 number system:
1 - cãol
2 - luis
3 - lha
4 - cre
5 - ve
6 - re
7 - divrur
8 - dem
9 - sochajmem
10 - li
100 - sini
1000 - e

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -uʁ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -w
Else: Suffix -ɨw
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -aɲʃ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ
Else: Suffix -aʃ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wʃ
Else: Suffix -ɐwʃ
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʎ-
Else: Prefix ʎu-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -uɲ
Tending to = Suffix -ɐj
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾ
Else: Suffix -ɐ̃w̃ɾ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wʃ
Else: Suffix -awʃ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -eʁ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -zɔ
Else: Suffix -ɐ̃w̃zɔ
Diminutive = Prefix e-
Augmentative = Suffix -ɐ

Dictionary

3034 Words.