Esko Standard | Esxo Vebu (/ˈesço ˈvebʌ/)

Natively known as: esxo veba esxo vebu /ˈesço ˈvebʌ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
oNz AsA U AyA JiUteqif mAl U oNz miyA nure otiqif mAl U wiyif
oŋz asa ü aya jiüte'if mal ü oŋz miya nūře oti'if mal ü wiyif
Pronunciation: /oŋz ˈasa y ˈaja ˈd͡ʒiyˌteʔif mal y oŋz ˈmija ˈnuɾe ˈotiʔif mal y ˈwijif/
Esco Standard word order: and stood he holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d d͡ʒ f g h j l m n s t v w z ç ð ŋ ɬ ɹ ɾ ʃ ʍ ʒ ʔ

Man./Pl.	Bilab.	Lab. den.	Dent.	Alv.	Pal.-alv.	Palat.	Velar	Glott.
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Stop	b			t d		c	g	ʔ
Fricative		f v	ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ç		h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Tap				ɾ
Lateral fric.				ɬ
Lateral approx.				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	ʍ w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y ʌ

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid		ʌ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
a	A
e	e
i	i
o	o
u	u
ʌ	a
y	U
b	b
c	k
ç	x
ð	T
j	y
d͡ʒ	J
d	d
f	f
g	g
h	h
l	l
ɬ	L
m	m
n	n
ŋ	N
ɹ	R
ɾ	r
s	s
ʃ	S
t	t
v	v
w	w
ʍ	W
z	z
ʒ	j
ʔ	q

---

Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Adjective affixes

	Singular	Plural	Trial
Spr	Suffix -' deLe' dełe' /ˈdeɬe'/ bright (animal)	Prefix la-, Suffix -' lAdeLe' ladełe' /ˈladeɬe'/ bright (animals)	Prefix lui-, Suffix -' luideLe' lūidełe' /ˈluiˌdeɬe'/ (three) bright (animals)
Har	Suffix -' deLe' dełe' /ˈdeɬe'/ bright (animal)	Prefix la-, Suffix -' lAdeLe' ladełe' /ˈladeɬe'/ bright (animals)	Prefix lui-, Suffix -' luideLe' lūidełe' /ˈluiˌdeɬe'/ (three) bright (animals)
Win	Suffix -if deLeif dełeif /ˈdeɬeif/ bright (animal)	Prefix la-, Suffix -if lAdeLeif ladełeif /ˈladeˌɬeif/ bright (animals)	Prefix lui-, Suffix -if luideLeif lūidełeif /ˈluiˌdeɬeif/ (three) bright (animals)

Verb affixes

	Singular	Plural	Trial
Present	No affix silA sila /ˈsila/ (I/you/he/she/it) fall(s)	Suffix -ja silAyA silaya /ˈsilaja/ (we/you all/they) fall	Suffix -li silAli silali /ˈsilali/ fall
Past	Prefix in- insilA insila /ˈinsila/ (I/you/he/she/it) fell	Prefix in-, Suffix -ja insilAyA insilaya /ˈinsiˌlaja/ (we/you all/they) fell	Prefix in-, Suffix -li insilAli insilali /ˈinsiˌlali/ fell
Imperfect	Prefix oi- oisilA oisila /ˈoiˌsila/ (I/you/he/she/it) fall	Prefix oi-, Suffix -ja oisilAyA oisilaya /ˈoiˌsilaja/ (we/you all/they) fall	Prefix oi-, Suffix -li oisilAli oisilali /ˈoiˌsilali/ fall
Future	Prefix do- dosilA dosila /ˈdosila/ (I/you/he/she/it) will fall	Prefix do-, Suffix -ja dosilAyA dosilaya /ˈdosiˌlaja/ (we/you all/they) will fall	Prefix do-, Suffix -li dosilAli dosilali /ˈdosiˌlali/ will fall
Imperative	Suffix -ɾa silArA silařa /ˈsilaɾa/ (I/you/he/she/it) fall	Suffix -ɾaja silArAyA silařaya /ˈsilaˌɾaja/ (we/you all/they) fall	Suffix -ɾali silArAli silařali /ˈsilaˌɾali/ fall
Infinitive	Suffix -ɾa silArA silařa /ˈsilaɾa/ (I/you/he/she/it) fall	Suffix -ɾa silArA silařa /ˈsilaɾa/ (we/you all/they) fall	Suffix -ɾa silArA silařa /ˈsilaɾa/ fall

Pronouns

Nominative	Suffix -mal
Accusative	Prefix i-
Genitive	Prefix mal-
Dative	Prefix bʌiɾ-
Inessive	Prefix hi-
Elative	Prefix uɾ-
Illative	Prefix wʌn-
Adessive	Prefix mɾol-
Ablative	Prefix et-
Superessive	Prefix nyi-

Noun affixes

	Singular	Plural	Trial
Nominative	No affix koloS čološ /ˈcoloʃ/ animal (doing the verb)	Change all V to a / _C# kolAS čolaš /ˈcolaʃ/ animals (doing the verb)	Change all V to lui / _C# kolluiS čollūiš /ˈcolluiʃ/ three animals (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix i- ikoloS ičološ /ˈicoloʃ/ (verb done to) the/an animal	Prefix i-, Change all V to a / _C# ikolAS ičolaš /ˈicolaʃ/ (verb done to) animals	Prefix i-, Change all V to lui / _C# ikolluiS ičollūiš /ˈicoˌlluiʃ/ (verb done to) three animals
Genitive	Prefix mal- mAlkoloS malčološ /ˈmalcoloʃ/ animal's	Prefix mal-, Change all V to a / _C# mAlkolAS malčolaš /ˈmalcolaʃ/ animalsʼ	Prefix mal-, Change all V to lui / _C# mAlkolluiS malčollūiš /ˈmalcoˌlluiʃ/ three animalsʼ
Dative	Prefix bʌiɾ- bairkoloS buiřčološ /ˈbʌiɾˌcoloʃ/ to the/an animal	Prefix bʌiɾ-, Change all V to a / _C# bairkolAS buiřčolaš /ˈbʌiɾˌcolaʃ/ to animals	Prefix bʌiɾ-, Change all V to lui / _C# bairkolluiS buiřčollūiš /ˈbʌiɾˌcolluiʃ/ to three animals
Inessive	Prefix hi- hikoloS hičološ /ˈhicoloʃ/ inside the/an animal	Prefix hi-, Change all V to a / _C# hikolAS hičolaš /ˈhicolaʃ/ inside animals	Prefix hi-, Change all V to lui / _C# hikolluiS hičollūiš /ˈhicoˌlluiʃ/ inside three animals
Elative	Prefix uɾ- urkoloS ūřčološ /ˈuɾcoloʃ/ out of the/an animal	Prefix uɾ-, Change all V to a / _C# urkolAS ūřčolaš /ˈuɾcolaʃ/ out of animals	Prefix uɾ-, Change all V to lui / _C# urkolluiS ūřčollūiš /ˈuɾcoˌlluiʃ/ out of three animals
Illative	Prefix wʌn- wankoloS wunčološ /ˈwʌncoloʃ/ into the/an animal	Prefix wʌn-, Change all V to a / _C# wankolAS wunčolaš /ˈwʌncolaʃ/ into animals	Prefix wʌn-, Change all V to lui / _C# wankolluiS wunčollūiš /ˈwʌncoˌlluiʃ/ into three animals
Adessive	Prefix mɾol- mrolkoloS mřolčološ /ˈmɾolcoloʃ/ near/by/at the/an animal	Prefix mɾol-, Change all V to a / _C# mrolkolAS mřolčolaš /ˈmɾolcolaʃ/ near/by/at animals	Prefix mɾol-, Change all V to lui / _C# mrolkolluiS mřolčollūiš /ˈmɾolcoˌlluiʃ/ near/by/at three animals
Ablative	Prefix et- etkoloS etčološ /ˈetcoloʃ/ from the/a animal	Prefix et-, Change all V to a / _C# etkolAS etčolaš /ˈetcolaʃ/ from animals	Prefix et-, Change all V to lui / _C# etkolluiS etčollūiš /ˈetcoˌlluiʃ/ from three animals
Superessive	Prefix nyl- nUlkoloS nülčološ /ˈnylcoloʃ/ on the/an animal	Prefix nyl-, Change all V to a / _C# nUlkolAS nülčolaš /ˈnylcolaʃ/ on animals	Prefix nyl-, Change all V to lui / _C# nUlkolluiS nülčollūiš /ˈnylcoˌlluiʃ/ on three animals

Numbers

Esco Standard has a base-5 number system:
1 - er eř
2 - ho ho
3 - lui lūi
4 - itRe itre
5 - SRog šrog
25 - LaSRo ɬʌʃɹo
125 - eLoS eɬoʃ

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -nes
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -zoʃ
Else: Suffix -izoʃ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ʃa
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Change all VC to ile / _#
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Change all VC to unse /_#
Noun to verb = Change all VC to a / _#
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Change all VC to ɹife / _#
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d͡ʒ
Else: Suffix -od͡ʒ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Change all a to iʒub / _#
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Change all a to eil / _#
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Change all a to oɾoʃ / _#
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -idub
Diminutive = Insert njeʔ / _VC#
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mf
Else: Suffix -imf

Geographical Distribution

Esko Standard originated as a native tongue on the southern island of the planet Esko. However, due to its practicality and ease of communication, it gradually gained widespread adoption and became the lingua franca of the Mondril 1 sector, spanning across multiple worlds and civilizations. While its roots remain firmly tied to Esko's southern island, the language has transcended geographical boundaries, binding diverse communities together in the vast expanse of the Mondril 1 sector.

Dictionary

4247 Words.

Common Female Names

• Kimani'el
• Arali'el
• Zaviri'el
• Arini'el
• Elaki'el
• Titheti'el
• Nemi'el

Common Male Names

• Koba'iyen
• Zandiyen
• Orisiyen
• Corlia'iyen
• Kisaliyen
• Uthloniyen
• Aviliyen

Common Family Names

Family names precede given names (as they are considered a modifier). Given names are used in full in formal settings, but close friends/family may drop the ending.

• Kilors /çiloɾs/
• Zhrutsil /ʒɹʌtsil/
• Ubngu'or /ubŋuʔoɾ/
• Zevyox /zevyoç/
• Ehwinux /eʍinʌç/
• Bisa /bisa/