Vieivaan
Vieivaan, natively known as heja Vieivaaii (/he'jɑ vieˌiʋ'ɑːiː/), is the language spoken by both the Vieivaaii in the Long Rim, and the Nuavaaii settlers on Nuavaao.
Vieivaan tends to be highly referential and derivational, and its complex morphology reflects this; very few linguistic constructs are "free-standing". For example, Vieivaan distinguishes between traveling to a place in general, traveling as far as a place (without it being the end goal), traveling to points on top of, adjacent to, underneath, or inside of a place, or traveling through a place. This highly specific and technical morphology is believed to have come from the strong engineering background and detail-oriented culture among the first settlers of Vieivaao.
Writing System
aäbdefhijklmnoöprstuvy
AÄBDEFHIJKLMNOÖPRSTUVY
Phonology
Consonants
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m mː | n nː | ŋ | |||
| Stop | p pː b | t tː d | k kː | |||
| Fricative | f fː | s sː | h | |||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | ||||
| Trill | r rː | |||||
| Lateral approximant | l lː |
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i iː y yː | u uː |
| High-mid | e eː ø | o oː |
| Near-low | æ æː | |
| Low | ɑ ɑː |
Spelling rules
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| eː | ee |
| fː | ff |
| iː | ii |
| kː | kk |
| lː | ll |
| oː | oo |
| sː | ss |
| tː | tt |
| uː | uu |
| yː | yy |
| æ | ä |
| æː | ää |
| ø | ö |
| ŋ | n |
| ɑ | a |
| ɑː | aa |
| ʋ | v |
Syllable structure
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second-to-last syllableWord initial consonants: d, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, ʋ
Word final consonants: ks, l, n, p, rt, s, t
Morphology
| If contains (eː|æ|y|ø|æː|yː|ie̯|æi̯|æy̯|yø̯|yi̯|øi̯|øy̯) | Else | |
|---|---|---|
| Diminutive | -nä | -ne |
| Superlative | siː- | suː- |
| Augmentative | sy- | so- |
| Oppositional | nø̯- | nɑ- |
| Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) | iʋ- | iʋɑː- |
| Adjacent to place | hyi̯- | hoi̯- |
| Inside of place | øi̯- | oi̯- |
| At place | ky- | koi̯- |
| Touching place | yː- | oiː- |
| On top of place | øæ- | ɑe̯- |
| Underneath of | -nøeː | -nɑɑ |
| Away from place | -nøiː | -nɑi |
| From top of place | -nøæː | -nɑe̯ |
| From out of place | -nøi̯ | -noi̯ |
| Motion to place | hi- | hɑ- |
| Motion as far as place | iː- | uː- |
| Motion over top of place | ei̯ː- | oɑː- |
| Motion to inside place | lie̯- | loɑ- |
| Motion to top of place | ʋe- | ʋoi̯- |
| Motion to underneath of place | -nøʋe | -nɑʋoi̯ |
| Motion through place | i- | i- |
| Within which time | -i | -i |
| Voluntary experiencer of | sie̯- | søː- |
| Involuntary experiencer of | nøsie̯- | nɑsie̯- |
| By means of instrument | ke- | kɑ- |
| Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) | -iiː | -ɑː |
| Because of | syi̯- | sɑ- |
| In company with | ihyi̯- | ihoi̯- |
| Recipient of | -ie̯ | -oe̯ |
| How often recipient of | e̯joi̯- | uːjoi̯- |
| Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) | tiː- | tɑː- |
| Having similarity to | -ɑ: | -æ: |
| Partitive | -ø | -ø̯ɑ |
| Vocative | re̯- | rɑ- |
| Lacking | o- | oɑ- |
| Adjective → adverb | -sti | -sti |
| State of being | -ø | -ɑ |
| From condition of | øø- | ɑɑ- |
| Changing into | hiø- | hiɑ- |
Syntax
Main word order: Verb-Subject-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: Postpositions (such as plai ulla--"under [the] table") are more common than prepositions in abbreviated speech, but if presented as a proper sentence (such as tojenøe nu plai--"it is underneath the table"), prepositional suffixes are more common.
Syllables: CV, VC
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: Postpositions (such as plai ulla--"under [the] table") are more common than prepositions in abbreviated speech, but if presented as a proper sentence (such as tojenøe nu plai--"it is underneath the table"), prepositional suffixes are more common.
Syllables: CV, VC
Plurals
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singlar | Suffix -do löado /løˈado/ | Suffix -ne löane /løˈane/ | Suffix -se löase /løˈase/ |
| Plural | Suffix -da löada /løˈada/ | Suffix -ni löani /løˈani/ | Suffix -so löaso /løˈaso/ |
Pronouns
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | du /du/ I/we (masculine) | na /na/ I/we (feminine) | sa /sa/ I/we (neuter) |
| 2nd person | dö /dö/ you (masculine) | nö /nö/ you (feminine) | sö /sö/ you (neuter) |
| 3rd person | da /da/ he/they (masculine) | nu /nu/ she/they (feminine) | sy /sy/ they (neuter) |
Articles
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | du /du/ the (masculine singular definite article) | nu /nu/ the (feminine singular definite article) | sö /sö/ the (neuter singular definite article) |
| Plural | doa /ˈdoa/ the (masculine plural definite article) | nua /ˈnua/ the (feminine plural definite article) | söa /söa/ the (neuter plural definite article) |
Indicative mood
| Active 1st person present singular | Active 1st person present plural | Active 2nd person present singular | Active 2nd person present plural | Active 3rd person present singular | Active 3rd person present plural | Passive voice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present affirmative | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯tiiit /ɑi̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Present negative | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯tiiit /ɑi̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Imperfect affirmative | Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix loː- lootiiit /loːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix loː- lootiiit /loːˈtiːit/ | Prefix sui̯- sui̯tiiit /sui̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix sui̯- sui̯tiiit /sui̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix eu̯- eu̯tiiit /eu̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Imperfect negative | Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix loː- lootiiit /loːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix loː- lootiiit /loːˈtiːit/ | Prefix sui̯- sui̯tiiit /sui̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix sui̯- sui̯tiiit /sui̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix eu̯- eu̯tiiit /eu̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Perfect affirmative | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯tiiit /ɑi̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Perfect negative | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯tiiit /ɑi̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Pluperfect affirmative | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯tiiit /ɑi̯ˈtiːit/ |
| Pluperfect negative | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix i- itiiit /iˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | Prefix to- totiiit /toˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑː- laatiiit /lɑːˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑi̯- ai̯tiiit /ɑi̯ˈtiːit/ |
Indicative-prospective mood
| Active 1st person singular | Active 1st person plural | Active 2nd person singular | Active 2nd person plural | Active 3rd person singular | Active 3rd person plural | Passive voice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present prospective affirmative | Prefix ʋɑu̯- vau̯tiiit /ʋɑu̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix ʋɑu̯- vau̯tiiit /ʋɑu̯ˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jɑ- jatiiit /jɑˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jɑ- jatiiit /jɑˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix esk- Else: Prefix eskuː- eskuutiiit /ˌeskuːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix esk- Else: Prefix eskuː- eskuutiiit /ˌeskuːˈtiːit/ | Prefix mɑ- matiiit /mɑˈtiːit/ |
| Present prospective negative | Prefix muː- muutiiit /muːˈtiːit/ | Prefix muː- muutiiit /muːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix ɑrj- Else: Prefix ɑrjuo̯- arjuo̯tiiit /ˌɑrjuo̯ˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix ɑrj- Else: Prefix ɑrjuo̯- arjuo̯tiiit /ˌɑrjuo̯ˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix si- sitiiit /siˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix si- sitiiit /siˈtiːit/ | Prefix ɑ- atiiit /ɑˈtiːit/ |
| Imperfect prospective affirmative | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sou̯- sou̯tiiit /sou̯ˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sou̯- sou̯tiiit /sou̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix heu̯- heu̯tiiit /heu̯ˈtiːit/ | Prefix heu̯- heu̯tiiit /heu̯ˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix irː- Else: Prefix irːuː- irːuutiiit /ˌirːuːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix irː- Else: Prefix irːuː- irːuutiiit /ˌirːuːˈtiːit/ | Prefix oː- ootiiit /oːˈtiːit/ |
| Imperfect prospectivenegative | If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix te- tetiiit /teˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix te- tetiiit /teˈtiːit/ | Prefix mi- mitiiit /miˈtiːit/ | Prefix mi- mitiiit /miˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jiː- jiitiiit /jiːˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jiː- jiitiiit /jiːˈtiːit/ | Prefix tiː- tiitiiit /tiːˈtiːit/ |
Conditional mood
| Active 1st person present singular | Active 1st person present plural | Active 2nd person present singular | Active 2nd person present plural | Active 3rd person present singular | Active 3rd person present plural | Passive voice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present affirmative | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nuo̯ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯nuo̯ tiiitau̯nuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯nuo̯/ |
| Present negative | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nuo̯ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯nuo̯ tiiitau̯nuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯nuo̯/ |
| Perfect affirmative | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nuo̯ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯nuo̯ tiiitau̯nuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯nuo̯/ |
| Perfect negative | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | Suffix -on tiiiton /tiːˈiton/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯jɑ tiiitau̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -skuː Else: Suffix -oskuː tiiitoskuu /ˌtiːiˈtoskuː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nuo̯ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯nuo̯ tiiitau̯nuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtɑu̯nuo̯/ |
Potential mood
| Active 1st person present singular | Active 1st person present plural | Active 2nd person present singular | Active 2nd person present plural | Active 3rd person present singular | Active 3rd person present plural | Passive voice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present affirmative | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | Prefix no- notiiit /noˈtiːit/ |
| Present negative | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | Prefix no- notiiit /noˈtiːit/ |
| Perfect affirmative | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | Prefix no- notiiit /noˈtiːit/ |
| Perfect negative | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | Suffix -uː tiiituu /tiːˈituː/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en tiiiten /tiːˈiten/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix isː- Else: Prefix isːi- issitiiit /ˌisːiˈtiːit/ | Prefix no- notiiit /noˈtiːit/ |
Imperative mood
| Active 1st person present singular | Active 1st person present plural | Active 2nd person present singular | Active 2nd person present plural | Active 3rd person present singular | Active 3rd person present plural | Passive voice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present affirmative | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nsuo̯ Else: Suffix -uo̯nsuo̯ tiiituo̯nsuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯nsuo̯/ |
| Present negative | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nsuo̯ Else: Suffix -uo̯nsuo̯ tiiituo̯nsuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯nsuo̯/ |
| Perfect affirmative | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nsuo̯ Else: Suffix -uo̯nsuo̯ tiiituo̯nsuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯nsuo̯/ |
| Perfect negative | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | Suffix -uːn tiiituun /tiːˈituːn/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jɑ Else: Suffix -uo̯jɑ tiiituo̯ja /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯jɑ/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑːl tiiitaal /tiːˈitɑːl/ | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nsuo̯ Else: Suffix -uo̯nsuo̯ tiiituo̯nsuo̯ /ˌtiːiˈtuo̯nsuo̯/ |
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