Athorish, Language of the Aqein (ˈahɔɾˠ)

Natively known as: athor /ˈahɔɾˠ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ar í aé a alu einn ar a éng ampi aglil iac i
Pronunciation: /aɾˠ iː ˈaeː a ˈalʲʊ ɛn̪ˠ aɾˠ a eːŋg ˈamˠpˠɪ ˈagɫɪɫ ia̯k ɪ/
Athorish word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: bʲ bˠ c dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ g h k lʲ mʲ mˠ nʲ n̪ˠ pʲ pˠ sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ŋ ɟ ɫ ɲ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	mˠ mʲ		n̪ˠ	nʲ		ɲ	ŋ
Stop	pˠ pʲ bˠ bʲ		t̪ˠ d̪ˠ	tʲ dʲ		c ɟ	k g
Fricative		fˠ fʲ vʲ vˠ		sˠ	ʃ	ç	x	h
Tap				ɾˠ ɾʲ
Lateral approximant				lʲ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Velarized alveolar
Lateral approximant	ɫ

Vowel inventory: a eː ia̯ iə̯ iː oː uə̯ uː ɑː ɔ əi̯ əu̯ ɛ ɪ ʊ
Diphthongs: ia̯ iə̯ uə̯ əi̯ əu̯ ?

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
High-mid	eː	oː
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a	ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ca	cea
coː	ceo
cu	ciu
kɪ	coi | cai | cui
k	c
h	th
x	ch
ç	ch
ɲ	nn
#n̪ˠ	n
nʲ	n
n̪ˠ	nn
ŋg	ng
ŋ	ng
mʲ	m
mˠ	m
pʲ	p
pˠ	p
bʲ	b
bˠ	b
lʲ	l
ɫ	l
ʃa	sea
sˠɪ	sai
sˠi	suí
sˠeː	sao
ʃɔ	seo | sio
ʃo	seo
ʃu	siu
ʃ	s
sˠ	s
tʲu	tiu
tʲ	te / _{a,ɑː}
tʲ	t
t̪ˠoː	teo
t̪ˠɛ	te
t̪ˠ	t
fˠi	faoi
fˠɪ	fui
fˠuː	fiú
fˠ	f
fʲ	f
ɟ	g
ɪ	i
ɑː	á
eːɾˠ	éar
ɾˠ	r
ɾʲ	r
vˠ	bh | mh
vʲ	bh
d̪ˠ	d
dʲ	d
əi	a
eː	é
ɛ	ei
ɔ	o
oː	ó
iː	í
uː	ú
iə	ia
əu	ai
uə	ua
ʊ	u
̯

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	No affix árt /ɑːɾˠt̪ˠ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix xɫ- Else: Prefix xɫa- chlárt /xɫɑːɾˠt̪ˠ/ (verb done to) dog

Singular	No affix árt /ɑːɾˠt̪ˠ/ dog
Plural	Reduplicate last part of last syllable ártárt /ˈɑːɾˠt̪ˠɑːɾˠt̪ˠ/ dogs

Articles

Athorish has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	é /eː/ I	an /anʲ/ me
2nd singular	ir /ɪɾʲ/ you	u /ʊ/ you
3rd singular masc	í /iː/ he, it (masc)	á /ɑː/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	bia /bˠia̯/ she, it (fem)	rénn /ɾˠeːn̪ˠ/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	a /a/ we	i /ɪ/ us
2nd plural	ua /uə̯/ you all	ách /ɑːx/ you all
3rd plural	ar /aɾˠ/ they	eich /ɛx/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	ar /əi̯ɾˠ/ my
2nd singular	i /ɪ/ your
3rd singular masc	a /a/ his
3rd singular fem	ú /uː/ her
1st plural	ar /aɾʲ/ our
2nd plural	ó /oː/ your (pl)
3rd plural	a /əi̯/ their

Verbs

Present	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ- Else: Prefix ʃoː- sigia /ˈʃɪgiə̯/ learn
Past	No affix igia /ˈɪgiə̯/ learned
Remote past	Prefix a- aigia /aˈɪgiə̯/ learned (long ago)

Athorish uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: iː - í igia /iː ˈɪgiə̯/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Athorish uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: əu̯ - ai igia /əu̯ ˈɪgiə̯/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Athorish uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

Prefix a- aigia /aˈɪgiə̯/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Athorish uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate last part of last syllable igiaia /ɪˈgiə̯iə̯/ have learned

Numbers

Athorish has a base-10 number system:
1 - ú
2 - ag
3 - ó
4 - ca
5 - gra
6 - ad
7 - chlar
8 - fui
9 - ág
10 - il
100 - di
1000 - ús

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix uːnʲ-
Else: Prefix uːnʲʊ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ-
Else: Prefix ʃoː-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix d̪ˠɪ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix a-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ɪ-
Noun to verb = Prefix ʃɪ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bˠ-
Else: Prefix bˠa-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix bˠ-
Else: Prefix bˠɪ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kuː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix əi̯-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix vʲ-
Else: Prefix vʲɪ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix kɪ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ka-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ka-

Dictionary

3038 Words.