Perìg, the Language of the Peregals.
Natively known as: perìg /ˈperìg/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...eph me ì dan wenni khìlk eph brìrn po ì ivûd mû wì
Pronunciation: /eph me ì dan ˈwenni khìlk eph brìrn po ì ˈivyd my wì/
Pereg word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b c d f g h k l m n p q r s t v w z| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||||
| Stop | p b | t d | c | k g | q | ||
| Fricative | f v | s z | h | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
|---|---|
| Approximant | w |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i ì y | u |
| High-mid | e | o |
| Low | a |
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| y | û |
| c | ch |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
Nouns
Nouns have three cases:- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
| Nominative | No affix
eli /ˈeli/ dog (doing the verb) |
| Accusative | If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix he- heli /ˈheli/ (verb done to) dog |
| Genitive | Prefix re-
reeli /reˈeli/ dogʼs |
| Singular | No affix
eli /ˈeli/ dog |
| Plural | Prefix ge-
geeli /geˈeli/ dogs |
Articles
| Definite | Indefinite | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | lìr /lìr/ the | ni /ni/ a |
| Plural | zìm /zìm/ the | ì /ì/ some |
- Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
- Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
- Used for languages: ‘The English’
- Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
- Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | si /si/ I | thirn /thirn/ me | e /e/ mine |
| 2nd singular | vi /vi/ you | pe /pe/ you | ilk /ilk/ yours |
| 3rd singular masc | me /me/ he, it (masc) | ì /ì/ his, it (masc) | khe /khe/ his, its (masc) |
| 3rd singular fem | do /do/ she, it (fem) | vûm /vym/ her, it (fem) | dì /dì/ hers, its (fem) |
| 1st plural | ve /ve/ we | zo /zo/ us | bro /bro/ ours |
| 2nd plural | kì /kì/ you all | chhu /chu/ you all | so /so/ yours (pl) |
| 3rd plural | vim /vim/ they | wû /wy/ them | hìs /hìs/ theirs |
Possessive determiners
| Possessive | |
|---|---|
| 1st singular | e /e/ my |
| 2nd singular | ilk /ilk/ your |
| 3rd singular masc | ì /ì/ his |
| 3rd singular fem | dì /dì/ her |
| 1st plural | bro /bro/ our |
| 2nd plural | so /so/ your (pl) |
| 3rd plural | hìs /hìs/ their |
Verbs
| Present | Past | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix ni- nìt /nìt/ (I/we) learn |
If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix ro- rìt /rìt/ (I/we) learned |
If starts with vowel: Prefix ugg-
Else: Prefix uggi- uggìt /ˈuggìt/ (I/we) will learn |
| 2nd person | If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ke- kìt /kìt/ (you/you all) learn |
Prefix o-
oìt /ˈoìt/ (you/you all) learned |
If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix de- dìt /dìt/ (you/you all) will learn |
| 3rd person | Prefix ro-
roìt /ˈroìt/ (he/she/it/they) learn(s) |
If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fo- fìt /fìt/ (he/she/it/they) learned |
If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pe- pìt /pìt/ (he/she/it/they) will learn |
Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).Pereg uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:
| Imperfective | Particle before the verb: ra -
ra ìt /ra ìt/ learns/is learning |
Numbers
Pereg has a base-10 number system: 1 - e2 - vikh
3 - rin
4 - ì
5 - ke
6 - chhû
7 - it
8 - theph
9 - hiph
10 - o
100 - nûr
1000 - hìkh
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix re-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix hy-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix q-
Else: Prefix qy-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ns
Else: Suffix -ons
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -me
Else: Suffix -eme
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rln
Else: Suffix -yrln
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ggy
Else: Suffix -uggy
Tending to = Suffix -i
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -yl
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rro
Else: Suffix -erro
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -et
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ist
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pe-
Augmentative = Suffix -om
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