Vrolua, the Language of Giants

This ancient language seems to be all that is left of the giants of old. At one time, the only entities that would have understood Vrolua would have been the Eldaran shepherds and their giants. Now since the disappearance of both, the dying language has been adopted, rescued, by nearly all sentient people that utilize bide stones for arcane or religious purposes.

Natively known as: vrolua /ˈvɾolua/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
bul rkhe mto nrü rürk wri bul qo sevr mtü nrü nrbül mavr
Pronunciation: /bul rxe mto nry ryrk wri bul qo sevr mty nry nrbyl mavr/
Vrolua word order: and he holding his hat stood and to the wind turned his wet face

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c f g h j k l m n q r s t v w x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	b		t	c	k g	q
Fricative		f v	s z		x		h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	ü
c	chy
j	y
x	kh

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Verb Object. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key opened the door.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: mta - mta wrashu /mta ˈwrashu/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	lanr /lanr/ the	gu /gu/ a
Plural	kha /xa/ the	horm /horm/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

1st singular	chynli /cnli/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	qü /qy/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	rkhe /rxe/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	li /li/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neuter	vsu /vsu/ it, its
1st plural inclusive	rsa /rsa/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	nrbü /nrby/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	se /se/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	kho /xo/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	khimzz /ximzz/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neuter	la /la/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	rkha /rxa/ my
2nd singular	vrlü /vrly/ your
3rd singular masc	nrü /nry/ his
3rd singular fem	khi /xi/ her
3rd singular neuter	qa /qa/ its
1st plural inclusive	bun /bun/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	brunr /brunr/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	hqu /hqu/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	mta /mta/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	fo /fo/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuter	vil /vil/ their (neut)

Verbs

Present	Prefix i- igesu /ˈigesu/ learn
Past	No affix gesu /ˈgesu/ learned
Future	Prefix u- ugesu /ˈugesu/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Vrolua uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate last part of last syllable gesuu /ˈgesuu/ have learned

Numbers

Vrolua has a base-14 number system:
1 - am
2 - ren
3 - shol
4 - lus
5 - qan
6 - te
7 - wo
8 - sa
9 - him
10 - xe
11 - loc
12 - na
13 - ve
14 - il
Hundred - ra
Thousand - na

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -u
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -u
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -o
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix omts-
Else: Prefix omtsy-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix cnwo-
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ng
Else: Suffix -ong
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -ol
Tending to = Suffix -ingsr
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -oc
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -gi
Else: Suffix -ygi
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix fly-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -an
Diminutive = Suffix -e
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix cnl-
Else: Prefix cnlo-

Dictionary

3028 Words.