The Trial of Courage

Because courage was a vital quality in a Jedi, the Trial of Courage was seen as appropriate to give even to those who didn't specialize in combat. Because it was important to remain in the dark about what one would face during the test, most Jedi did not divulge details on individual tests. Before the test was mainstreamed, battlefield heroics or facing down a Sith Lord qualified as passing. But due to the nature of the Republic's Golden Age, the Council required a different sort of challenge in order to stay relevant. The Council could simulate a dangerous mission in the Trials Chamber, or send a student on an actual mission out of the Temple. These tests had the potential to be deadly and extremely challenging, illustrating why the Council did not just let anyone take the Trials.
Notable tests included the assignment of Darsha Assant to recover the Black Sun intelligence agent Oolth from the bowels of the Coruscant underworld. While she managed to grab him initially, Oolth wound up dying. Assant was later intercepted by Sith Lord Darth Maul and killed; failing her Trials. Later, Padawan Obi-Wan Kenobi would face Maul after the Zabrak Sith had killed Kenobi's master, the venerable Qui-Gon Jinn. Kenobi defeated Maul on Naboo, passing the Trials in the eyes of the Council. Kenobi's Padawan would also forgo formal Trials; the Council deemed Anakin Skywalker's bravery throughout the Clone Wars as sufficient.

The Trial of Courage is a test of bravery.
To pass this test, a Padawan must prove their courage, either through their actions while on a mission, or through a test given by the Jedi Council in the testing chamber at the Jedi Academy.