Military vehicle nomenclature

Take any given military vehicle anywhere in human space, and you will find it likely has three names attached to it. A model, a pattern, and a proper name. These denote different things, and vary in scheme and meaning. Applies mostly to smaller, mass-produced vehicles, while spaceships generally follow slightly different conventions.
For an example, let's take the Kriegsmaschine, of the GdT Company.

Kriegsmaschine Firing Position by MadToxin

big mech

Model

The model of a vehicle is determined and decided by the manufacturer, be that a state-owned entity or some private company. These are your M1 Abrams, T-34s and so on. The specific design of vehicle, usually with a name that incorporated specifics of it, like time of creation, weapon specifics, and the like.
The Kriegsmaschine, in this case, is a CAT-774.94-F model of AB-FSP. (Sidenote: AB-FSP is only a type of vehicle, like IFV or MBT.) The CAT is an acronym in the local language, 774 denotes the creation date of the design, 2774, the 94 is the width of the barrel, 94mm, and the F means it is the sixth design in this line.
With spaceships, "model" is often forgone in favour of "class", much to confusion, as the categories of warships (battleship, cruiser) are often also called classes. Still, something like the Epherr mk.5 or Swift function largely like models in land vehicles, but are often much looser in naming.

Pattern

A pattern denotes a loadout of weapons, armour, defenses, and the like. Due to the nature of how information travels through human space, the same loadout will have different pattern names in different places, though some particularily simple and old ones are often very ubiqitous. Main battle tank patterns, for example, generally use the same names throughout human space, due to being so old.

MBT details

This one, for example, is a Clavain-pattern, model FM51O95 main battle tank. The Clavain-pattern is the standard for tanks in general, the throughline being a large railcannon as the main gun, with several point-defense lasers and anti-infantry turrets on the hull.
The Kriegsmaschine, for another example, also follows a common pattern; the Sigen pattern. This one is defined by the large railcannon, the biggest one you'll find on a land vehicle excluding special equipment, and the missile pods, as well as the laser turret on top.
Spaceships are often not designed with a pattern in mind; they instead use the classes and the roles within. With how varied the minutia of a spaceship can be, two ships of the same class can have different designs, and two ships of the same role (i.e. heavy frontline cruiser) can be radically different in armament.

Name

The name of a vehicle has very little in the way of rules. On military might prefer temporary codenames, another names its vehicles with alfanumeric designations, and another, like the GdT Company, allows proper names for its vehicles. Most militaries subscribe to this latter approach.
The Kriegsmaschine, in this case, translates to Warmachine, from German, as the GdT Company is from a German-descended culture and society. Very subtle.
Nearly every spaceship, military or not, follows the last convention of naming. Ships like the March of Profits, the Vode An, or the Orator of Ten Thousand Glorious Victories, all from different times and regions of human space, are a testament to that.