Brhyttarigog*

LANGUAGE FAMILY: COLMERIC
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Tranlsation: snw̋ll ʁy̋ cláchfa ʦeen ʁí sdően snw̋ll ʁy̋ chifa ʦe̋s plw̋g lli̋ a̋ngen
Pronunciation: snuː̋ɬ ʁɨ̋ ˈkláχva ʦeːˈen ʁí sdɔ̋ˈen snuː̋ɬ ʁɨ̋ χiːˈva ʦeː̋s pluː̋g ɬiː̋ ˈa̋ŋen
Narrow pronunciation: [snuː̋ɬ ʁɨ̋ ˈkcáχva ʦeːˈen ʁí sdɔ̋ˈen snuː̋ɬ ʁɨ̋ χiːˈva ʦeː̋s pcuː̋g ɬiː̋ ˈa̋ŋen]
Brhyttarigog word order: and hat his holding he stood and his face wet to the wind turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b c d f g h j k l m n n̥ p r r̥ s t v w z ð ŋ ɬ ʁ ʃ ʔ ʦ θ χ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n n̥			ŋ
Stop	p b			t d		c	k g		ʔ
Affricate				ʦ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ			χ ʁ	h
Approximant						j
Trill				r r̥
Lateral fricative				ɬ
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a ai au aɨ aː ei eɨ eː i iː oː u uː ɔ ɔi ɔɨ ə əu ɛ ɛu ɨ ɨu ɨː ɪ ɪu ʊ ʊɨ/
Diphthongs: ai, au, aɨ, ei, eɨ, ɔi, ɔɨ, əu, ɛu, ɨu, ɪu, ʊɨ
Tones: ̋ ́

	Front	Central	Back
High	i iː	ɨ ɨː	u uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
High-mid	eː		oː
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, cth, d, dr, f, g, gth, h, j, k, kl, l, m, n, nt, n̥, p, pl, r, rn, r̥, s, sd, sn, t, tr, v, w, ð, ɬ, ʁ, ʃ, ʔ, ʦ, θ, θj, χ Mid-word consonants: b, d, dl, dr, g, gl, gs, h, l, m, ml, mr, ms, n, nr̥, nt, nw, r, rb, rd, rv, rw, rɬ, sg, tbl, v, vj, vl, vn, ð, ðj, ŋ, ɬ, θ, χ, χr
Word final consonants: b, d, g, k, l, ld, m, mk, mn, mʁ, mʔ, mʦ, n, nd, nt, nχʁ, r, rs, rθ, s, sg, sχ, t, tʁ, v, vn, vr, vχ, zd, ð, ŋ, ɬ, ʃl, ʃp, θ, χ, χn, χt
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• h → it / _e
• s → sth / _a
• l → c

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
f	ph
v	f
k	c
ŋ	ng
χ	ch
θ	th
r̥	rh
ɬ	ll
ð	dd
ɪu	iw
ɨu	uw
ʊɨ	wy
ɛu	ew
ɔi	oi
əu	yw
eɨ	ey
aː	a
ɔ	o
oː	o
iː	i
ɪ	i
eː	e
ɛ	e
uː	w
j	i
ɨː	y
ɨ	y
ə	y
ʃ	si
n̥	n

Grammar

Main word order: Object (Prepositional phrase) Subject Verb.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into The door with a key Mary opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have seven cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
• Instrumental is the use of something: man writes with (using) pen.

Nominative	No affix la̋fa /la̋ˈva/ [ca̋ˈva] dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -ɛ̋s la̋fas /la̋ˈvas/ [ca̋ˈvas] (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Suffix -ə́ la̋faý /ˈla̋vaə́/ [ca̋ˈvaə́] dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -űm la̋fam /ˈla̋vam/ [ˈca̋vam] to (the/a) dog
Locative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -uː̋k la̋fac /ˈla̋vak/ [ˈca̋vak] near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt Else: Suffix -ɔ́nt la̋fant /ˈla̋vant/ [ˈca̋vant] from (the/a) dog
Instrumental	Suffix -űm la̋faűm /la̋ˈvaűm/ [ˈca̋vaűm] with/using (the/a) dog

Definite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Suffix -űɬ ʦífaűll /ʦíˈvaűɬ/ the man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nd Else: Suffix -ánd ʦífand /ˈʦívand/ the men
Feminine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -ɛ́s clűalés /ˈklűalɛ́s/ [kcűˈacɛ́s] the woman	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nd Else: Suffix -a̋nd clűala̋nd /ˈklűala̋nd/ [kcűˈaca̋nd] the women
Neuter	Suffix -i̋ la̋fai̋ /ˈla̋vai̋/ [ca̋ˈvai̋] the dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ə́t la̋fat /la̋ˈvat/ [ca̋ˈvat] the dogs

Indefinite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -íb ʦífab /ˈʦívab/ a man	Suffix -a̋n ʦífaa̋n /ʦíˈvaa̋n/ some men
Feminine	Suffix -a̋t clűala̋t /klűˈala̋t/ [ˈkcűaca̋t] a woman	Suffix -i̋n clűali̋n /klűˈali̋n/ [ˈkcűaci̋n] some women
Neuter	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rθ Else: Suffix -iː́rθ la̋farth /la̋ˈvarθ/ [ca̋ˈvarθ] a dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɛ́k la̋fac /ˈla̋vak/ [ˈca̋vak] some dogs

Articles

Brhyttarigog encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental
1st singular	ʦú /ʦú/ I	ʦi̋ /ʦi̋/ me	i̋rth /i̋rθ/ mine	ʦi̋ /ʦɪ̋/ to me	rna̋ /rna̋/ at me	chi̋r /χi̋r/ from me	cléchn /klɛ́χn/ [kcɛ́χn] with/using me
2nd singular	sdél /sdɛ́l/ [sdɛ́c] you (masc)	sdí /sdiː́/ you	ʁi̋ /ʁi̋/ yours	ʁín /ʁín/ to you	la̋c /la̋k/ [ca̋k] at you	ʦé /ʦeː́/ from you	húb /húb/ with/using you
3rd singular masc	ʁí /ʁí/ he	chi̋rs /χi̋rs/ him	ʦa̋ /ʦa̋/ his	wa̋ /wa̋/ to him	chá /χá/ at him	chí /χí/ from him	plý /plɨː́/ [pcɨː́] with/using him
3rd singular fem	e̋ /ɛ̋/ she	ʦé /ʦɛ́/ her	ʁai̋m /ʁai̋m/ hers	ʦẃd /ʦuː́d/ to her	őg /ɔ̋g/ at her	che̋ /χɛ̋/ from her	á /á/ with/using her
3rd singular neut	ʁa̋ /ʁa̋/ it	thá /θaː́/ it	cthű /cthű/ its	í /í/ to it	cla̋l /kla̋l/ [kca̋c] at it	fó /vɔ́/ from it	sne̋ /sneː̋/ with/using it
1st plural	ʦe̋c /ʦɛ̋k/ we	plő /ploː̋/ [pcoː̋] us	pí /pí/ ours	ií /jí/ to us	cla̋ /klaː̋/ [kcaː̋] at us	pi̋t /pi̋t/ from us	ʦí /ʦí/ with/using us
2nd plural	ʦá /ʦá/ you all	rőg /rɔ̋g/ you all	chó /χɔ́/ yours (pl)	rhẃm /r̥uː́m/ to you all	ʦím /ʦím/ at you all	chi̋c /χi̋k/ from you all	cla̋m /kla̋m/ [kca̋m] with/using you all
3rd plural masc	foy̋f /vɔɨ̋v/ they (masc)	ʁé /ʁeː́/ them (masc)	plw̋sip /pluː̋ʃp/ [pcuː̋ʃp] theirs (masc)	cha̋ /χaː̋/ to them (masc)	chí /χiː́/ at them (masc)	ʁai̋ /ʁai̋/ from them (masc)	ʦy̋c /ʦə̋k/ with/using them (masc)
3rd plural fem	hú /hú/ they (fem)	cha̋ /χa̋/ them (fem)	snýn /snə́n/ theirs (fem)	wi̋n /wi̋n/ to them (fem)	úr /úr/ at them (fem)	ó /ɔ́/ from them (fem)	thií /θjɪ́/ with/using them (fem)
3rd plural neut	rni̋ /rni̋/ they (neut)	thiý /θjɨː́/ them (neut)	chy̋m /χə̋m/ theirs (neut)	ʦíc /ʦík/ to them (neut)	i̋ /i̋/ at them (neut)	ű /ű/ from them (neut)	rní /rní/ with/using them (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	chi̋ /χi̋/ my
2nd singular	ʦa̋ /ʦaː̋/ your
3rd singular masc	ʁy̋ /ʁɨ̋/ his
3rd singular fem	ʁoi̋dd /ʁɔi̋ð/ her
3rd singular neut	ʦa̋b /ʦa̋b/ its
1st plural	ó /ɔ́/ our
2nd plural	a̋ /a̋/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	sdónt /sdɔ́nt/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	sny̋d /snə̋d/ their (fem)
3rd plural neut	i̋ /i̋/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Present	Past
1st singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -a̋l chángena̋l /χáˈŋena̋l/ [ˈχáŋena̋c] (I) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -iː́k chángeníc /ˈχáŋeniː́k/ (I) learned
2nd singular	Suffix -át chángenát /ˈχáŋenát/ (you) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -eː̋t chángene̋t /ˈχáŋeneː̋t/ (you) learned
3rd singular masc	Suffix -ɛ́s chángenés /ˈχáŋenɛ́s/ (he) learns	If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -ɔ́g chángenóg /ˈχáŋenɔ́g/ (he) learned
3rd singular fem	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -a̋n chángena̋n /ˈχáŋena̋n/ (she) learns	Suffix -ɛ̋n chángene̋n /χáˈŋenɛ̋n/ (she) learned
3rd singular neut	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -ɔ́m chángenóm /ˈχáŋenɔ́m/ (it) learns	Suffix -ű chángenű /χáˈŋenű/ (it) learned
1st plural	Suffix -űm chángenűm /ˈχáŋenűm/ (we) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -oː́k chángenóc /ˈχáŋenoː́k/ (we) learned
2nd plural	Suffix -írθ chángenírth /ˈχáŋenírθ/ (you all) learn	Suffix -űk chángenűc /χáˈŋenűk/ (you all) learned
3rd plural masc	Suffix -ɔ̋m chángenőm /ˈχáŋenɔ̋m/ (they) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -ɔ̋g chángenőg /ˈχáŋenɔ̋g/ (they) learned
3rd plural fem	Suffix -ə́v chángenýf /χáˈŋenə́v/ (they) learn	Suffix -i̋ chángeni̋ /ˈχáŋeni̋/ (they) learned
3rd plural neut	If ends with vowel: Suffix -mʦ Else: Suffix -eː́mʦ chángenémʦ /ˈχáŋeneː́mʦ/ (they) learn	Suffix -aː́ chángená /ˈχáŋenaː́/ (they) learned

Brhyttarigog uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: θjɪ̋ - thii̋ chángen /θjɪ̋ χáˈŋen/ will learn

Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Brhyttarigog uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: gthoː̋ - gthő chángen /gthoː̋ ˈχáŋen/ is learning

Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Brhyttarigog uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: ím - ím chángen /ím ˈχáŋen/ learns

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Brhyttarigog uses the word for ‘finish’ a̋fígfal for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Brhyttarigog has a base-10 number system:
1 - ʁý
2 - ín
3 - i̋g
4 - cli̋
5 - snásg
6 - ʦó
7 - ʁy̋l
8 - ʦi̋
9 - é
10 - chi̋c
11 - chi̋c snw̋ll ʁý “ten and one”
100 - ʁý ʁi̋n “one hundred”
101 - ʁý ʁi̋n ʁý “one hundred one”
200 - ín ʁi̋n
1000 - ʁý íní “one thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ham-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix hae-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -val
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ɔɨ̋
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -heb
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -i̋m
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -nap
Tending to = Prefix na-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix e-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -a̋n
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -huut
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -a̋
Diminutive = Suffix -is Augmentative = Suffix -his

Dictionary

4481 Words.