Crronac*

LANGUAGE FAMILY: RUHANDIC
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:
DESCENDANT LANGUAGES:

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Translation: ee g̟i n̪yy y römi ryö ee y n̟enö ɵs ⁿdeʒe ᵐböpʰyime ᵑg̟e
Pronunciation: /eː g̟i n̪yː y ˈrømi ryø eː y ˈŋ̟enø ɵs ˈⁿdeʒe ᵐbøˈpʰyime ᵑg̟e
Crronac word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d d̪ f g g̟ g̠ h j k kʰ l l̪ m n n̪ p pʰ r s sʰ t tʰ v w z ŋ ŋ̟ ŋ̠ ɖ ɭ ɳ ɹ ɻ ʁ ʃ ʋ ʒ χ ᵐb ᵑg̟ ᵑg̠ ᶯɖ ⁿd ⁿd̪/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n̪	n		ɳ		ŋ
Stop	pʰ p b ᵐb		d̪ ⁿd̪	tʰ t ⁿd d		ᶯɖ ɖ		kʰ k g
Fricative		f v		sʰ s z	ʃ ʒ				χ ʁ	h
Approximant		ʋ		ɹ		ɻ	j
Trill				r
Lateral approximant			l̪	l		ɭ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /e eː ẽ i ie iː ĩ o u y yi yø yː ỹ æ æi æy æː ø øi øy ø̃ ɑ ɔ ɛ ɛ̈ ɵ ʊ ʌ/
Diphthongs: ie, yi, yø, æi, æy, øi, øy

	Front	Central	Back
High	ĩ i iː y ỹ yː		u
Near-high			ʊ
High-mid	e ẽ eː ø̃ ø	ɵ	o
Low-mid	ɛ̈ ɛ		ʌ ɔ
Near-low	æ æː
Low			ɑ

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Word initial consonants: b, d, d̪, g̟, g̠, j, l, l̪, m, n, n̪, r, w, ŋ̟, ŋ̠, ɖ, ɭ, ɳ, ɻ, ᵐb, ᵑg̟, ᵑg̠, ᶯɖ, ⁿd, ⁿd̪
Mid-word consonants: b, d, dz, dʒ, f, g, h, j, k, kʰ, l, m, n, p, pʰ, r, s, t, ts, tsʰ, tʰ, v, z, ŋ, ɹ, ʁ, ʃ, ʋ, ʒ, χ Word final consonants: N/A
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• ŋ → n / V_V

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʋ	v
tː	tt
lː	ll
sː	ss
kː	kk
fː	ff
ŋ	n
æː	ää
æ	ä
yː	yy
ɑː	aa
ɑ	a
ø	ö
oː	oo
uː	uu
iː	ii
eː	ee

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door opened with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Ergative	If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix æ- Else: Prefix øi- äbelöin /æˈbeløin/ dog (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	No affix belöin /ˈbeløin/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something)
Genitive	If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix g̟eː- Else: Prefix l̪ø̃- g̟eebelöin /g̟eːˈbeløin/ dogʼs

Singular	No affix belöin /ˈbeløin/ dog
Plural	If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix d̪e- Else: Prefix by- d̪ebelöin /d̪eˈbeløin/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	be /be/ the	n̪ul /n̪ul/ a
Plural	by /by/ the	ä /æ/ some

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive	Genitive
1st singular	l̪äi /l̪æi/ I	bi /bi/ me, I	je /je/ mine
2nd singular	nyip /nyip/ you	nää /næː/ you	nyös /nyøs/ yours
3rd singular masc	g̟i /g̟i/ he, it	ᵑg̟ɵs /ᵑg̟ɵs/ him, it	y /y/ his, its
3rd singular fem	g̟e /g̟e/ she, it	ⁿdɵs /ⁿdɵs/ her, it	ẽ /ẽ/ hers, its
1st plural	be /be/ we	l̪y /l̪y/ us, we	ᵑg̟ĩrt /ᵑg̟ĩrt/ ours
2nd plural	lys /lys/ you all	rie /rie/ you all	deeks /deːks/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	ᶯɖöi /ᶯɖøi/ they	bɛl /bɛl/ them, they	by /by/ theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	je /je/ my
2nd singular	nyös /nyøs/ your
3rd singular masc	y /y/ his
3rd singular fem	ẽ /ẽ/ her
1st plural	ᵑg̟ĩrt /ᵑg̟ĩrt/ our
2nd plural	deeks /deːks/ your (pl)
3rd plural	by /by/ their

Verbs

Future

If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix eː- Else: Prefix ɛ- eebeepi /eːˈbeːpi/ will learn

Crronac uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ᵑg̟y - ᵑg̟y beepi /ᵑg̟y ˈbeːpi/ learned

[h1Numbers[/h1
Crronac has a base-10 number system:
1 - g̟öp
2 - ĩn
3 - g̠e
4 - ɛs
5 - l̪e
6 - g̟ys
7 - ⁿdɵs
8 - li
9 - ɳöipʰe
10 - g̟e
11 - g̟eg̟öp “ten-one”
100 - ɻi “hundred”
101 - ɻi ee g̟öp “hundred and one”
200 - ĩn ɻi
1000 - ä “thousand”
[h1Derivational morphology[/h1
Adjective → adverb = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix g̟æ- Else: Prefix n̪e-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix n̪i- Else: Prefix nɛ̈-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix læ- Else: Prefix n̪e-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix i- Else: Prefix u-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix eː- Else: Prefix e-
Noun to verb = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix ɳeː- Else: Prefix ⁿd̪ɛ̈-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix g̠øy- Else: Prefix ŋ̟ø̃-
Tending to = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix nø- Else: Prefix ᶯɖe-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix lø- Else: Prefix ᶯɖøi-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix g̟æ- Else: Prefix n̪y-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix d̪e- Else: Prefix bu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix wiː- Else: Prefix ᵑg̟e-
Diminutive = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix i- Else: Prefix øi-
Augmentative = If contains {i,iː,eː,æ,ø,æː,yː,ie,æi,æy,yø,yi,øy}: Prefix i- Else: Prefix e-

Dictionary

4453 Words.