Gnomish (NO-misch)

Natively known as: winoch /ˈwinoʧ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
mwo klá shawch nu te zhwu mwo krawv te tebu jdo rim leme
Pronunciation: /mwo klə ʃɔʧ nu te ʒwu mwo krɔʋ te ˈtebu ʤdo rim ˈleme/
Winochi word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d k l m n p r t w ŋ ɣ ʂ ʃ ʋ ʐ ʒ ʤ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Velar
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Stop	p b		t d			k
Affricate				ʧ ʤ
Fricative				ʃ ʒ	ʂ ʐ	ɣ
Approximant		ʋ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ə

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Low-mid			ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ə	á
ɔ	aw
ʐ	z
ʒ	zh
ʃ	sh
ŋ	ng
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
ʂ	s
ʋ	v
ɣ	gh

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Singular	No affix norobe /noˈrobe/ dog
Plural	Prefix u- unorobe /ˌunoˈrobe/ dogs

Articles

Winochi has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	kraw /krɔ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	ghaw /ɣɔ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	klá /klə/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	má /mə/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural	sa /ʂa/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	ghash /ɣaʃ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	me /me/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	mwi /mwi/ my
2nd singular	traw /trɔ/ your
3rd singular masc	te /te/ his
3rd singular fem	kresh /kreʃ/ her
1st plural	mawr /mɔr/ our
2nd plural	ná /nə/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ghom /ɣom/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix pupobwo /puˈpobwo/ learn
Past	Prefix e- epupobwo /ˌepuˈpobwo/ learned
Future	Prefix mnɔ- mnawpupobwo /ˌmnɔpuˈpobwo/ will learn

Numbers

Winochi has a base-10 number system:
1 - traw
2 - stegh
3 - pawn
4 - zhe
5 - re
6 - skip
7 - shpá
8 - kughmur
9 - mná
10 - su
100 - dlu
1000 - shpidshi

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -i
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -i
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -u
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ
Else: Suffix -oʒ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tɔ
Else: Suffix -ətɔ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ
Else: Suffix -əʒ
Tending to = Suffix -i
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -u
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -əʧ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧt-
Else: Prefix ʧtu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mn-
Else: Prefix mnɔ-
Diminutive = Suffix -i
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -ɔm

Dictionary

3062 Words.