Grazu

Natively known as: Gr̈äẓu /ˈgʀɑʐu/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
dzhdaï thï vrelm yeï dnam dväng dzhdaï dwaï dnam hodd dhïyr̀ hunth arv
Pronunciation: /dʒdaɪ thɪ vrɛɹm jeɪ dnæm dvɑng dʒdaɪ dwaɪ dnæm hʊdd ðɪjɾ hunθ ærv/
Grazu word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
This is the language of the Garruw. Since they are capable of flying quickly and for long distances, there are less variations based on geography. Even dialectic differences are more limited than it would be for other species.
When spoken by a Garruw, it should sound like a low hum in the background of every word.

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j m n r t v w z ð ɹ ɾ ʀ ʍ ʐ ʒ ʤ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	b			t d				g
Affricate					ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	z	ʒ	ʐ				h
Approximant				ɹ			j
Tap				ɾ
Trill				r					ʀ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labio-velar
Approximant	ʍ w

Vowel inventory: /aɪ aʊ eɪ i u æ ɑ ɔɪ ɛ ɪ ʊ ʌ/
Diphthongs: aɪ, aʊ, eɪ, ɔɪ ?

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ʌ
Near-low	æ
Low		ɑ

Syllable structure: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C) ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Word initial consonants: b, bw, d, dn, dv, dvj, dw, dz, dɹ, dʀ, dʒ, dʒd, fɹ, fʀ, g, gr, gwn, gwr, gɹ, gɾ, h, hj, j, m, mb, md, mj, n, nd, rj, t, th, tj, tm, tv, tɹ, tʀ, v, vj, vr, vɾ, w, zj, ð, ɹ, ɾ, ʀ, ʐ, ʒ, ʒw, ʤ, ʤj, θ
Mid-word consonants: b, bb, bd, bdʒ, bj, bm, bn, br, bt, bvj, bw, bʤ, d, db, dd, ddʒ, df, dg, dgɹ, dm, dt, dw, dɹ, dɾ, dʒj, dʒm, f, fd, ff, fg, fj, fn, ft, ftr, ftw, fɹ, g, gb, gd, gdʒ, gh, gj, gn, gt, gtt, gv, gɹ, gʐ, h, hr, hw, j, jb, jdn, jf, jg, jj, jr, jv, jvj, jz, jð, m, mbj, mbr, mbɹ, mbʀ, mdʒ, mf, mft, mfɹ, mgw, mj, mnd, mng, mr, mz, mɾ, mʤ, n, nb, nbɹ, ndb, ndf, ndj, ndm, ndn, ndr, ndt, ndz, ndɹ, ndʒ, nf, nfj, nfɹ, ng, ngj, ngr, ngw, ngz, ngɹ, ngʀ, nh, nmj, nn, nnj, nr, nt, ntb, ntf, nth, ntj, ntm, ntr, ntv, ntw, ntɹ, nð, nɹ, nɾ, nʐ, nʒ, nʤm, nθj, nθɾ, r, rb, rbr, rd, rdn, rf, rg, rh, rr, rt, rtn, rtr, rtv, rw, rʐ, rʐd, rʤ, t, td, th, tj, tm, tn, tr, tth, ttr, tv, tw, tʀ, v, vb, vj, vɾ, w, wb, wg, wm, wtɾ, wv, wð, wʤ, z, zb, zdv, zdʒ, zg, zj, zm, zn, zr, zvr, zw, zz, ð, ðdɹ, ðɾ, ɹ, ɹb, ɹd, ɹdʒ, ɹf, ɹg, ɹn, ɹnf, ɹnj, ɹt, ɹtf, ɹtj, ɹtm, ɹw, ɹð, ɹʤ, ɹθw, ɾ, ɾdʒ, ɾf, ɾh, ɾj, ɾm, ɾt, ɾv, ɾz, ɾʒ, ɾʤ, ʀ, ʍ, ʐ, ʐb, ʐd, ʐn, ʒ, ʒd, ʒj, ʤ, ʤt, θ, θf, θm, θw
Word final consonants: b, bb, d, dd, f, ft, fθ, g, gg, j, jd, jf, jɾ, m, md, mf, mz, n, nd, ndd, ndz, ndʒ, nf, ng, nt, ntr, nv, nz, nθ, r, rb, rd, rn, rr, rv, t, tt, v, vz, w, z, zd, zv, ðd, ɹbd, ɹdz, ɹdʒ, ɹf, ɹm, ɹθ, ɾ, ɾb, ɾg, ɾt, ʀ, ʍ, ʐ, ʒ, ʤ
Phonological changes (in order of application): ?

• t → l / V_V
• d → Ø / V_{i,j}
• z → d / V_
• m → n / _i

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
aɪ	ie
aʊ	ou
dʐ	dz
eɪ	ay
j	y
æ	a
ð	dh
ɑ	ä
ɔɪ	oi
ɛ	e
ɪ	ï
ɹ	l
ɾ	r̀
ʀ	r̈
ʊ	o
ʌ	ü
ʍ	hw
ʐ	ẓ
ʒ	zh
ʤ	j
θ	th

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Definite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʀ Else: Suffix -uʀ avzur̈ /ˈævzuʀ/ the man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rb Else: Suffix -ɛrb avzerb /ˈævzɛrb/ the men
Feminine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -jðɑ Else: Suffix -ɑjðɑ thäyr̀äydhä /θɑˈjɾɑjðɑ/ the woman	If ends with vowel: Suffix -zdvɔɪ Else: Suffix -uzdvɔɪ thäyr̀uzdvɔï /θɑˈjɾuzdvɔɪ/ the women
Neuter	Suffix -ʊvz emzovz /ˈɛmzʊvz/ the dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ttrɪ Else: Suffix -ɛttrɪ emzettrï /ɛmˈzɛttrɪ/ the dogs

Indefinite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Suffix -ʌ avzü /ˈævzʌ/ a man	Suffix -aɪ avzaï /ˈævzaɪ/ some men
Feminine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾmæ Else: Suffix -ɑɾmæ thäyr̀är̀ma /θɑˈjɾɑɾmæ/ a woman	Suffix -ɛrn thäyr̀ern /ˈθɑjɾɛrn/ some women
Neuter	Suffix -ʊ emzo /ˈɛmzʊ/ a dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nfji Else: Suffix -ɔɪnfji emzɔïnfyi /ɛmˈzɔɪnfji/ some dogs

Articles

Grazu encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	r̈ü /ʀʌ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	wä /wɑ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	thï /thɪ/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	vaï /vaɪ/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neut	gigg /gigg/ it, its
1st plural	yɔïr̈ /jɔɪʀ/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	bä /bɑ/ you (all), yours
3rd plural masc	i /i/ they, them, theirs
3rd plural fem	duyr̀ /dujɾ/ they, them, theirs
3rd plural neut	thïft /thɪft/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	a /æ/ my
2nd singular	yɔïẓ /jɔɪʐ/ your
3rd singular masc	dnam /dnæm/ his
3rd singular fem	äz /ɑz/ her
3rd singular neut	glä /gɹɑ/ its
1st plural	ẓaolm /ʐaʊɹm/ our
2nd plural	r̀i /ɾi/ your
3rd plural masc	ba /bæ/ their
3rd plural fem	jyemz /ʤjɛmz/ their
3rd plural neut	wä /wɑ/ their

Verbs

1st singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ʌt tr̈ibbüt /ˈtʀibbʌt/
2nd singular	Suffix -ɛ tr̈ibbe /ˈtʀibbɛ/
3rd singular masc	Suffix -ɪmd tr̈ibbïmd /ˈtʀibbɪmd/
3rd singular fem	Suffix -æ tr̈ibba /ˈtʀibbæ/
3rd singular neut	Suffix -ɑ tr̈ibbä /ˈtʀibbɑ/
1st plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -ɑr tr̈ibbär /ˈtʀibbɑr/
2nd plural	Suffix -ijɾ tr̈ibbiyr̀ /ˈtʀibbijɾ/
3rd plural masc	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ðdɹæ Else: Suffix -ɔɪðdɹæ tr̈ibbɔïdhdla /tʀibˈbɔɪðdɹæ/
3rd plural fem	Suffix -ʊʐ tr̈ibboẓ /ˈtʀibbʊʐ/
3rd plural neut	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nz Else: Suffix -inz tr̈ibbinz /ˈtʀibbinz/

Grazu uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	naor̀g /naʊɾg/ past particle

Grazu uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

mba /mbæ/ will

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present. Grazu uses the word for ‘finish’ vaïrd for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Grazu has a base-10 number system:
1 - myindz
2 - zhenv
3 - leïyf
4 - ho
5 - gimo
6 - zhev
7 - aw
8 - ang
9 - mbard
10 - be
11 - bemyindz “ten-one”
100 - mi “hundred”
101 - mi dzhdaï myindz “hundred and one”
200 - zhenv mi
1000 - vyï “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹtmaʊ
Else: Suffix -aʊɹtmaʊ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -æ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nʒeɪ
Else: Suffix -aʊnʒeɪ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mz
Else: Suffix -ɔɪmz
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɑ
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ær
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɑ
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ɪg
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -aʊrv
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Suffix -ir
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -i
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ndbʊ
Else: Suffix -ʌndbʊ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -jf
Else: Suffix -æjf
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -ʌt

Dictionary

4324 Words.

Common Female Names

Ehrrtoro, Yrzderi

Common Male Names

Rorzid