Unclaimed quarry treaty.

This document is internationally recognized as the standard for being able to claim land under a country, as a free territory, or use under a no-claim situation. although it was originally intended to make it so resources in the unclaimed territory around the dwarven nation could not be taken over before it was strip mined.
 The basics is that if you find something in the wilderness (unclaimed territory) then you can keep it unconditionally. This law covers how to claim an area as an independent country, how to claim it as a free teritory, and what the difference is.
To claim territory as a country: you must have the support of an existing nation. Or the backing of no less than 200 persons of a sentient race as described in the charter of sentient races. No more territory may be claimed than the country in question can feasibly protect and/or develop. Any acts of war or violations of international law are the responsibility of the supporting nation to correct within 1 month's time or the status of the country is lost.
To claim a territory as a Free territory: No less than 50 persons of a sentient race as described in the charter of sentient races must inhabit permanent residences within 100 ft from each other. there must be a minimum of 4 above ground permanent residences. And during times of war, no soldiers may be garrisoned within 50 miles of any free territory on this continent. 
The difference: As a country, you gain international standing. Able to make trade deals, levy taxes, and form a formal military that is protected under the articles of war. As a free territory, you are considered neutral in times of war. And not subject to troop levies, or taxation from any nation. If you maintain a standing army of more than 5 people you are considered in violation of this treaty and considered an unlawful settlement. you have no protection under the law in this case
 A no-claim situation is when a company or group of no less than 10 persons of a sentient race as described in the charter of sentient races may claim a temporary right to use land. this gives them full rights to use any unclaimed land under the conditions that there is still public access to friendly persons for use of natural resources. this may last no more than 100 days, and no permanent residences may be built.

Purpose

The original purpose was to prevent countries from claiming all the land they like. It somehow evolved to outline the process for starting a country as well.

Type

Treaty, Diplomatic