Yendria's Language • The Language of Yeshièian

Natively known as: Yeshiè /jeˈʃiɛ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
jo rò bèhè zatiʄa sixashè fabo jo lej́ò sixashè zixo bèbè lej́ò sho>
Pronunciation: /ʒɔ rə ˈɓɛhɛ zaˈtiʄa siˈɣaʃɛ ˈfaɓɔ ʒɔ ˈleɟə siˈɣaʃɛ ˈziɣɔ ˈɓɛɓɛ ˈleɟə ʃɔ/
Yeshièian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to
The native language of Yendria Dcas.

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b c d f h j k l m n r s t v w z ɓ ɗ ɟ ɣ ɲ ʃ ʄ ʒ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	b		t d		c ɟ	k
Implosive	ɓ		ɗ		ʄ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		ɣ		h
Approximant					j		w
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: /a e i u ɔ ə ɛ/

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)V
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, c, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, r, s, t, v, w, z, ɓ, ɟ, ɣ, ɲ, ʃ, ʒ
Mid-word consonants[pg]: b, c, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, r, s, t, v, w, z, ɓ, ɗ, ɟ, ɣ, ɲ, ʃ, ʄ, ʒ
Word final consonants: N/A

Show frequency stats

Word initial: ɟ*21 ɓ*19 ɣ*17 c*16 ʒ*15 v*14 z*14 r*13 ʃ*13 f*12 f*12 ɲ*12 d*11 h*11 l*11 b*11 t*10 s*10 n*10 w*10 j*10 k*10 m*9
Mid-word: m*33 k*25 j*21 w*19 n*17 s*16 t*15 b*14 l*14 h*13 d*13 ɲ*12 f*12 f*12 ʃ*11 r*11 z*11 v*11 ʒ*10 c*10 ɣ*10 ɓ*10 ɟ*10 ɗ*10 ʄ*10
Word final:

Phonological changes (in order of application):

• i → eː / _#
• r → rː / _N
• v → p / #_
• f → v / #_
• w → v / V_
• k → c / V_V
• k → ç / _#
• S → Ø / #_F

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
c	chj>
j	y>
ɓ	b>
ɔ	o>
ɗ	d́>
ə	ò>
ɛ	è>
ɟ	j́>
ɣ	x>
ɲ	ñ>
ʃ	sh>
ʒ	j>

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Noun

Definite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Prefix də- dòbuwò> /dəˈbuwə/	Prefix nɔ- nobuwò> /nɔˈbuwə/
Feminine	Prefix ɟə- j́òbuwò> /ɟəˈbuwə/	Prefix fa- fabuwò> /faˈbuwə/
Neuter	Prefix ka- kabuwò> /kaˈbuwə/	Prefix ɟɔ- j́obuwò> /ɟɔˈbuwə/

Indefinite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Prefix ʒɛ- jèbuwò> /ʒɛbuˈwə/	Prefix cə- chyòbuwò> /cəbuˈwə/
Feminine	Prefix rə- ròbuwò> /rəˈbuwə/	Prefix bu- bubuwò> /bubuˈwə/
Neuter	Prefix fe- febuwò> /feˈbuwə/	Prefix ti- tibuwò> /tiˈbuwə/

Pronouns

1st singular	hè> /hɛ/ I, me
2nd singular	e> /e/ you
3rd singular masc	rò> /rə/ he, him, it
3rd singular fem	lè> /lɛ/ she, her, it
1st plural inclusive	le> /le/ we, us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	zu> /zu/ we, us (excluding you)
2nd plural	xa> /ɣa/ you (all)
3rd plural masc	fe> /fe/ they, them (masculine)
3rd plural fem	chyò> /cə/ they, them (feminine)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	fu> /fu/ my
2nd singular	do> /dɔ/ your
3rd singular masc	è> /ɛ/ his, its
3rd singular fem	jo> /ʒɔ/ her, its
1st plural inclusive	ñò> /ɲə/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	vu> /vu/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	chyò> /cə/ your
3rd plural masc	xi> /ɣi/ their (masculine)
3rd plural fem	ve> /ve/ their (feminine)

Verbs

Present	Prefix ci- chyijozò> /ciˈʒɔzə/
Past	Prefix cə- chyòjozò> /cəˈʒɔzə/
Remote past	Prefix ɲa- ñajozò> /ɲaˈʒɔzə/
Future	Prefix zi- zijozò> /ziˈʒɔzə/

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix vu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix le-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ɲi-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix le-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ɓe-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix ɟə-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ɣa-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix ʒɔ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix ɟɔ-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Prefix ʃɔ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix də-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix cə-
Diminutive = Prefix ta-
Augmentative = Prefix də-

Dictionary

5672 Words.

Common Phrases

• kuzò zae ɟɔbeʄimi - loud little screamer