Frendti/Goliath

a language spoken by the goliaths.

Natively known as: frendt /fʁənt/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
schpo blains knallü pfeu ödt scho schpo pfeu föll trar sü schei pi
Pronunciation: /ʃpoː blaɪ̯ns ˈknalʏ pfɔʏ̯ ʔœt ʃo ʃpoː pfɔʏ̯ fœl tʁaʁ syː ʃaɪ̯ pɪ/
Frendti word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v x z ç ŋ ʁ ʃ ʔ ʦ ʧ χ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Stop	p b		t d			k g		ʔ
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ	ç	x	χ ʁ	h
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aː e eː i iː o oː u uː y yː øː œ ɐ ɔ ɔʏ̯ ə ɛ ɛː ɪ ʊ ʏ
Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ ɔʏ̯ ?

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː i yː y		uː u
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	eː e øː		oː o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː œ		ɔ
Near-low		ɐ
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
v	w
p	b / _#
t	dt / _#
ks	chs
x	ch
ç	ch
ʃ	sch
ʁ	r
z	s
k	ck / {a,e,i,o,u,œ,ɐ,ɔ,ɛ,ɪ,ʊ,ʏ}_
{m,b,l,t,n,p,s}	__ / {a,e,i,o,u,œ,ɐ,ɔ,ɛ,ɪ,ʊ,ʏ}_
ŋk	nk
ŋ	ng
ʦj	ti
ʦ	zt / _#
ʦ	z
iː	ie
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä | e
œ	ö
aʊ	au
oː	o | oh | oo
ɔʏ̯	eu
ɔ	o
aɪ	ei | ai
yː	ü
ʏ	ü
uː	u | uh
ʊ	u
aː	a
ɐ	er / !_r
ɐ	e
ɪ	i
øː	ö
ø	ö
eː	ä | äh | e | eh | ee
ə	e
ʔ
̯

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Nominative	No affix bru /bʁu/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -ɛː bruä /ˈbʁuɛː/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁnst Else: Suffix -iːʁnst brurnsdt /bʁuʁnst/ dogʼs

Singular	No affix bru /bʁu/ dog
Plural	Reduplicate whole word brubbru /ˈbʁubʁu/ dogs

Articles

Definite	bri /bʁɪ/ the
Indefinite	linn /lɪn/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st singular	tehn /teːn/ I	flibb /flip/ me	fler /flɐ/ mine
2nd singular	brel /bʁəl/ you	o /ɔ/ you	ga /ga/ yours
3rd singular	blains /blaɪ̯ns/ he, she, it	pfeu /pfɔʏ̯/ his, her, it	me /mɛ/ his, hers, its
1st plural	schtei /ʃtaɪ̯/ we	wachs /vaks/ us	bu /buː/ ours
2nd plural	u /ʔʊ/ you all	hä /hɛ/ you all	schrer /ʃʁɐ/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	feu /fɔʏ̯/ they	blau /blaʊ̯/ them	su /zʊ/ theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	fler /flɐ/ my
2nd singular	ga /ga/ your
3rd singular	pfeu /pfɔʏ̯/ his, her, its
1st plural	buh /buː/ our
2nd plural	schrer /ʃʁɐ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	su /zʊ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix byng /byŋ/ learn
Past	Suffix -øː byngö /ˈbyŋøː/ learned

Frendti uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: gla - gla byng /gla byŋ/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Frendti uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: ʃtʁʊ - schtru byng /ʃtʁʊ byŋ/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Frendti uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: ʃaɪ̯ - schei byng /ʃaɪ̯ byŋ/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Frendti uses the word for ‘finish’ scha for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Frendti has a base-20 number system:
1 - dri
2 - schtrai
3 - lefdt
4 - grü
5 - schü
6 - ny
7 - ke
8 - trütts
9 - kru
10 - bü
11 - pern
12 - ji
13 - kwe
14 - frünk
15 - de
16 - nach
17 - sibbrö
18 - schmitts
19 - pri
20 - blenfdt
400 - se
8000 - klü

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ns
Else: Suffix -aːns
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -aʊ̯
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -szaː
Else: Suffix -yszaː
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nga
Else: Suffix -enga
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁzɪ
Else: Suffix -əʁzɪ
Noun to verb = Suffix -aʊ̯
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lço
Else: Suffix -uːlço
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -at
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁt
Else: Suffix -aɪ̯ʁt
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -puː
Else: Suffix -aɪ̯puː
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁl
Else: Suffix -əʁl
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mpføː
Else: Suffix -ɔmpføː
Diminutive = Suffix -am
Augmentative = Suffix -aʊ̯ks

Dictionary

3071 Words.

Root Languages

• Giant/nuhte

Spoken by

• Goliath