Gnomish

Natively known as: Baid /bˠəud̪ˠ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ci cuich sé theil fa bhúsio ci clich fa buthei theith fa muart
Pronunciation: /cɪ kɪx ʃeː hɛlʲ fʲa ˈvʲuːʃɔ cɪ kɫɪx fʲa ˈbˠʊhɛ hɛh fʲa mˠuəɾˠt̪ˠ/
Baidian word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /bʲ bˠ c dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ g h k lʲ mʲ mˠ nʲ n̪ˠ pʲ pˠ sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ŋ ɟ ɫ ɲ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	mˠ mʲ		n̪ˠ nʲ		ɲ	ŋ
Stop	pˠ pʲ bˠ bʲ		t̪ˠ tʲ d̪ˠ dʲ		c ɟ	k g
Fricative		fˠ fʲ vʲ vˠ	sˠ	ʃ	ç	x	h
Tap			ɾˠ ɾʲ
Lateral approximant			lʲ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Velarized alveolar
Lateral approximant	ɫ

Vowel inventory: /a eː ia iə iː oː uə uː ɑː ɔ əi əu ɛ ɪ ʊ/
Diphthongs: ia, iə, uə, əi, əu

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
High-mid	eː	oː
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a	ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Word initial consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, n̪ˠ, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, t̪ˠɾˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ
Mid-word consonants: bˠ, c, dʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, h, hɾˠ, k, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, mˠpˠ, nʲ, nʲʃ, n̪ˠ, n̪ˠt̪ˠ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ŋ, ɟ, ɫ, ɫt̪ˠ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠsˠ, ɾˠɫ, ʃ, ʃtʲ
Word final consonants: dʲ, d̪ˠ, g, h, k, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, nʲ, nʲtʲ, n̪ˠ, sˠ, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ŋg, ɟ, ɫ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾʲtʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠd̪ˠ, ɾˠtʲ, ɾˠt̪ˠ, ʃ, ʃtʲ

Phonological changes (in order of application):

• k → ʧ / _E
• k → g / _#
• N → ŋk / _V
• h → w / #_

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
^n̪ˠ	n
bʲ	b
bˠ	b
ca	cea
coː	ceo
cu	ciu
dʲ	d
d̪ˠ	d
eː	é
eːɾˠ	éar
fʲ	f
fˠ	f
fˠi	faoi
fˠuː	fiú
fˠɪ	fui
h	th
iə	ia
iː	í
k	c
kɪ	coi | cai | cui
lʲ	l
mʲ	m
mˠ	m
nʲ	n
n̪ˠ	nn
oː	ó
pʲ	p
pˠ	p
sˠ	s
sˠeː	sao
sˠi	suí
sˠɪ	sai
tʲ(?=a|ɑː)	te
tʲ	t
tʲu	tiu
t̪ˠ	t
t̪ˠoː	teo
t̪ˠɛ	te
uə	ua
uː	ú
vʲ	bh
vˠ	bh | mh
x	ch
ç	ch
ŋ	ng
ŋg	ng
ɑː	á
ɔ	o
əi	a
əu	ai
ɛ	ei
ɟ	g
ɪ	i
ɫ	l
ɲ	nn
ɾʲ	r
ɾˠ	r
ʃ	s
ʃa	sea
ʃo	seo
ʃu	siu
ʃɔ	seo | sio
ʊ	u

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb-Subject-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.

Nominative	No affix mór /mˠoːɾʲ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾˠsˠia Else: Suffix -ʊɾˠsˠia mórursuía /mˠoːˈɾʲʊɾˠsˠia/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nʲʃuː Else: Suffix -əunʲʃuː mórainsiú /mˠoːˈɾʲəunʲʃuː/ dogʼs
Dative	Suffix -ɪ móri /ˈmˠoːɾʲɪ/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Prefix a- amór /ˈamˠoːɾʲ/ near/at/by (the/a) dog

Singular	No affix mór /mˠoːɾʲ/ dog
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d̪ˠ Else: Suffix -ad̪ˠ mórad /ˈmˠoːɾʲad̪ˠ/ dogs

Articles

Baidian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	chi /xɪ/ I	scriabh /ʃcɾʲiavˠ/ me	cli /kɫɪ/ mine	mar /mʲəiɾʲ/ to me	famh /fʲavˠ/ at me
2nd singular	cág /kɑːɟ/ you	srei /sˠɾˠɛ/ you	coi /kɪ/ yours	cát /kɑːtʲ/ to you	miar /mʲiaɾʲ/ at you
3rd singular masc	sé /ʃeː/ he	ró /ɾˠoː/ him	faoiach /fˠiax/ his	thó /hoː/ to him	súm /sˠuːmʲ/ at him
3rd singular fem	chird /xɪɾˠd̪ˠ/ she	ma /mʲa/ her	pí /pˠiː/ hers	crei /cɾʲɛ/ to her	nuas /n̪ˠuəsˠ/ at her
1st plural	fas /fʲaʃ/ we	glacht /gɫaxt̪ˠ/ us	tai /tʲəu/ ours	so /sˠɔ/ to us	soc /sˠɔk/ at us
2nd plural	ca /ka/ you (all)	ba /bʲa/ you (all)	tra /tʲɾʲa/ yours	tré /t̪ˠɾˠeː/ to you (all)	lír /lʲiːɾˠ/ at you (all)
3rd plural	cha /ça/ they	bai /bˠəu/ them	char /xaɾˠ/ theirs	cear /caɾˠ/ to them	frú /fʲɾʲuː/ at them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	lí /ɫiː/ my
2nd singular	muath /mˠuəh/ your
3rd singular masc	fa /fʲa/ his
3rd singular fem	triant /tʲɾʲianʲtʲ/ her
1st plural	fa /fˠa/ our
2nd plural	dai /dʲəu/ your
3rd plural	bai /bˠəu/ their

Verbs

Future

Suffix -a meisea /ˈmˠɛʃa/ will study

Baidian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	fa /fˠa/ past particle

Numbers

Baidian has a base-10 number system:

• 1 - coi
• 2 - bró
• 3 - tré
• 4 - druth
• 5 - fal
• 6 - cain
• 7 - a
• 8 - brei
• 9 - bhomh
• 10 - rést
• 11 - cai ci rést “one and ten”
• 100 - mein “hundred”
• 101 - mein cai “hundred one”
• 200 - bró mein
• 1000 - seocea “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɫiː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n̪ˠ-
Else: Prefix n̪ˠuə-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ʃɔ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bʲɾʲ-
Else: Prefix bʲɾʲuː-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛɫ-
Else: Prefix ɛɫɪ-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix oːh-
Else: Prefix oːhɔ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix bˠ-
Else: Prefix bˠuə-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix t̪ˠəu-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix n̪ˠʊ-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = Prefix bˠʊ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix xɫəu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ɪ-
Diminutive = Prefix ka-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃ-
Else: Prefix ʃɛ-

Geographical Distribution

Gnomish is mostly spoken in the Goldenwood.

Dictionary

4310 Words.

Root Languages

• Sylvan

Common Female Names

• Teach /tʲax/
• Gidaiseir /gɪˈd̪ˠəusˠɛɾˠ/
• Rúmaitheir /ɾˠuːˈmʲəuhɛɾʲ/
• Siogabh /ˈʃɔgavˠ/
• Breim /bˠɾˠɛmʲ/
• Triamó /ˈtʲɾʲiamˠoː/
• Scriachta /ˈʃcɾʲiaxt̪ˠa/
• Scriarua /ˈʃcɾʲiaɾˠuə/
• Baing /bˠəuŋg/
• Diam /dʲiəmˠ/

Common Male Names

• Chlail /xɫəulʲ/
• Súlar /ˈsˠuːlʲaɾˠ/
• Paing /pʲəuŋg/
• Cinastea /cɪˈnʲəiʃtʲa/
• Nuthriach /ˈn̪ˠʊhɾˠiəx/
• Scoird /sˠkɪɾˠd̪ˠ/
• Díc /d̪ˠiːk/
• Triacog /ˈtʲɾʲiakɔg/
• Ceatha /ˈcaha/
• Crás /kɾˠɑːsˠ/

Common Unisex Names

• Scám /sˠkɑːmˠ/
• Taim /t̪ˠəumʲ/
• Bumug /ˈbˠʊmʲʊg/
• Brostea /ˈbʲɾʲɔʃtʲa/
• Ceadis /ˈcadʲɪʃ/
• Gastabh /ˈgasˠt̪ˠavʲ/
• Triansiachto /tʲɾʲianʲˈʃiaxt̪ˠɔ/
• Sord /sˠɔɾˠd̪ˠ/
• Scrianaba /ʃcɾʲiaˈnʲəibˠa/
• Dísácht /ˈd̪ˠiːsˠɑːxt̪ˠ/