Orcish

Natively known as: Jadhomey /'d͡ʒæðome͡ɪ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ny ruzh rorɛ razhî kruna nô ruzh ny mogh bvazhra nyrɛ nô ruzh nadhdhro nu
Pronunciation: /ni ɾuʒ ˈɾoɾɛ ˈɾæʒɪ ˈkɾunæ nɔ ɾuʒ ni moɣ ˈβaʒɾa ˈniɾɛ nɔ ɾuʒ ˈnaððɾo nu/
Orcish word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet the wind to

Origin

Interestingly, the orcish language does not derive from Calabian. It seems to have phonological roots in the elvish languages, but shares very little of its lexicon with it.

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d k l m n p r s t ð ɣ ɾ ʃ ʤ ʧ β θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Velar
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p		d t		k
Affricate				ʤ ʧ
Fricative	β	ð θ	s	ʃ	ɣ
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a eɪ̯ i o u æ ɔ ə ɛ ɪ ʊa̯
Diphthongs: eɪ̯ ʊa̯ ?

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Near-high	ɪ
High-mid			o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Near-low	æ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• s → θ
• d → ð
• ʃ → ʒ
• r → ɾ
• ʧ → t
• θ → ∅ / _#

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ə	û
eɪ̯	ey
i	y
ɪ	î
ɔ	ô
θ	th
ʃ	sh
β	bv
̯
ʤ	j
ɾ	r
ɣ	gh
ʒ	zh
ð	dh
æ	a

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Pronouns

1st person	ûm /əm/ I
2nd person	ny /ni/ you, you all
3rd person	ruzh /ɾuʒ/ he, her, it, they

Articles

Definite	nu /nu/ the
Indefinite	klum /klum/ a, some

Noun affixes

Subject reflexive affixed to object

Prefix iəm- yûmmobvu /ˌiəmˈmoβu/ dog

Singular	No affix mobvu /ˈmoβu/ dog
Plural	Suffix -æs mobvua /moˈβuæ/ dogs

Verb affixes

Past	Suffix -æθ krytha /ˈkɾiθæ/ learned
Present	No affix kry /kɾi/ learn
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -aʃ krythazh /ˈkɾiθaʒ/ will learn

Numbers

Orcish has a base-20 number system:
1 - tu
2 - no
3 - u
4 - nun
5 - tha
6 - ny
7 - nyjpû
8 - thozhra
9 - mû
10 - ym
11 - bvî
12 - tîzh
13 - rʊa
14 - klîmîum
15 - nɛ
16 - kru
17 - kro
18 - krû
19 - mɛja
20 - jûzhey
400 - y
8000 - tara

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɪr-
Else: Prefix ɪro-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix dæ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ɪ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix æ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -en
Noun to verb = Prefix ɾu-
Verb to adj = Suffix -æθ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix næ-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix kl-
Else: Prefix klo-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix sɪ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix klæ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix nɛ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix æ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix nu-
Augmentative = Prefix Random MYSELF.REFLEXIVE. = iəm-
Language of = Suffix -eɪ̯

Spoken by

• Crighua
• Nadho