Enari (ɛnaxri)
Emari is the language spoken in Lechosas. It is rarely used outside of it, though many merchants know it due to the economic power Nova Thania. Its phonology and morphology are easy for those with Elothanian heritage to pronounce, though humans and other species are also capable of learning it with some practice.
tho shiz red esh lad kiz tho esh shothi soz esh teg o
Pronunciation: /θʊ ʃiz rɛd ɛʃ lɑd kiz θʊ ɛʃ ʃʊθi sʊz ɛʃ tɛg ʊ/
Enari word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to
Vowel inventory: i ɑ ɛ ʊ
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No stress Spelling rules:
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
Enari uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
Enari uses an affix for progressive:
Enari uses a standalone particle word for habitual:
2 - sad
3 - les
4 - soch
5 - ek
6 - soth
7 - ka
8 - ra
9 - tathethi
10 - then
11 - so'ek
12 - shasos
13 - ditesi
14 - sho'ose
15 - dishe'ek
16 - sa'i
17 - kethek
18 - tara
19 - sachitash
20 - sechith
21 - sechith tho rik “twenty and one”
400 - rik kig “one fourhundred”
401 - rik kig tho rik “one fourhundred and one”
800 - sad kig “two fourhundred”
8000 - rik sal “one eightthousand”
Else: Prefix si-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix si-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix di-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix θ-
Else: Prefix θɛ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix i-
Noun to verb = Prefix ɑ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tɛ-
Tending to = Prefix kɑ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix rɛ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix kʊ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix ri-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix kɛ-
Diminutive = Prefix ɛ-
Augmentative = Prefix lɛ-
Natively known as: enachri /ɛnaxri/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...tho shiz red esh lad kiz tho esh shothi soz esh teg o
Pronunciation: /θʊ ʃiz rɛd ɛʃ lɑd kiz θʊ ɛʃ ʃʊθi sʊz ɛʃ tɛg ʊ/
Enari word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: d g k l n r s t x z ʃ ʔ θ| ↓Manner/Place→ | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | n | ||||
| Stop | t d | k g | ʔ | ||
| Fricative | θ | s z | ʃ | x | |
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | |
| Near-high | ʊ | |
| Low-mid | ɛ | |
| Low | ɑ |
Stress pattern: No stress Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| ʃ | sh |
| x | ch |
| θ | th |
| ʔ | ' |
| ɛ | e |
| ʊ | o |
| ɑ | a |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
Nouns
Nouns have four cases:- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
| Nominative | No affix isho /iʃʊ/ dog (doing the verb) |
| Accusative | Prefix ki- kiisho /kiiʃʊ/ (verb done to) dog |
| Genitive | Prefix ʃɑ- shaisho /ʃɑiʃʊ/ dogʼs |
| Dative | If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix ti- tisho /tiʃʊ/ to (the/a) dog |
| Animate | Inanimate | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɑ- katol /kɑtʊl/ man | Prefix kɑ- kada'is /kɑdɑʔis/ tree |
| Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix θ- Else: Prefix θɛ- thetol /θɛtʊl/ men | Prefix rɛ- reda'is /rɛdɑʔis/ trees |
Articles
| Definite | te /tɛ/ the |
| Indefinite | lid /lid/ a, some |
- Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
- Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
- Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
- Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
- Used with place names: ‘The London’
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | ri /ri/ I | tad /tɑd/ me | te /tɛ/ mine | so /sʊ/ to me |
| 2nd singular | kit /kit/ you | shit /ʃit/ you | the /θɛ/ yours | sok /sʊk/ to you |
| 3rd singular masc | shiz /ʃiz/ he, it | liz /liz/ him, it | esh /ɛʃ/ his, its | tik /tik/ to him, at it |
| 3rd singular fem | ke /kɛ/ she, it | shi /ʃi/ her, it | das /dɑs/ hers, its | tin /tin/ to her, at it |
| 1st plural | lik /lik/ we | den /dɛn/ us | thi /θi/ ours | do /dʊ/ to us |
| 2nd plural | rish /riʃ/ you all | lak /lɑk/ you all | ta /tɑ/ yours (pl) | keth /kɛθ/ to you all |
| 3rd plural | re /rɛ/ they | ich /ix/ them | ti /ti/ theirs | la /lɑ/ to them |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | te /tɛ/ my |
| 2nd singular | the /θɛ/ your |
| 3rd singular masc | esh /ɛʃ/ his |
| 3rd singular fem | das /dɑs/ her |
| 1st plural | thi /θi/ our |
| 2nd plural | ta /tɑ/ your (pl) |
| 3rd plural | ti /ti/ their |
Verbs
Present
| Animate | Inanimate | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | If starts with vowel: Prefix θ- Else: Prefix θɛ- therita /θɛritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix d- Else: Prefix dɑ- darita /dɑritɑ/ |
| 2nd person | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kʊ- korita /kʊritɑ/ | Prefix ɑ- arita /ɑritɑ/ |
| 3rd person | Prefix rɑ- rarita /rɑritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sɑ- sarita /sɑritɑ/ |
Past
| Animate | Inanimate | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Prefix i- irita /iritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɑ- karita /kɑritɑ/ |
| 2nd person | Prefix ti- tirita /tiritɑ/ | Prefix kɛ- kerita /kɛritɑ/ |
| 3rd person | Prefix ɛ- erita /ɛritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix tɑ- tarita /tɑritɑ/ |
Remote past
| Animate | Inanimate | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | If starts with vowel: Prefix θ- Else: Prefix θi- thirita /θiritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɛ- lerita /lɛritɑ/ |
| 2nd person | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ki- kirita /kiritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix lɑ- larita /lɑritɑ/ |
| 3rd person | Prefix ʊ- orita /ʊritɑ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix li- lirita /liritɑ/ |
| Future | Particle before the verb: li - li rita /li ritɑ/ will learn |
Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.Enari uses an affix for progressive:
| Progressive | Prefix θi- thirita /θiritɑ/ is learning |
Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).Enari uses a standalone particle word for habitual:
| Habitual | Particle before the verb: tɛ - te rita /tɛ ritɑ/ learns |
Numbers
Enari has a base-20 number system: 1 - rik2 - sad
3 - les
4 - soch
5 - ek
6 - soth
7 - ka
8 - ra
9 - tathethi
10 - then
11 - so'ek
12 - shasos
13 - ditesi
14 - sho'ose
15 - dishe'ek
16 - sa'i
17 - kethek
18 - tara
19 - sachitash
20 - sechith
21 - sechith tho rik “twenty and one”
400 - rik kig “one fourhundred”
401 - rik kig tho rik “one fourhundred and one”
800 - sad kig “two fourhundred”
8000 - rik sal “one eightthousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-Else: Prefix si-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix si-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix di-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix θ-
Else: Prefix θɛ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix i-
Noun to verb = Prefix ɑ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tɛ-
Tending to = Prefix kɑ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix rɛ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix kʊ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix ri-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix kɛ-
Diminutive = Prefix ɛ-
Augmentative = Prefix lɛ-