Hagottragayöl

LANGUAGE FAMILY: NORAY
# SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 600K / #39
SPOKEN IN: Azon - 600K
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Translation: i tlava pryrrva i sjipthus i i viva i sjoll kak so rärs
Pronunciation: ɪ ˈtlava ˈpryːrrva ɪ ɧɪptˈhus ɪ ɪ ˈvɪva ɪ ɧɔll kak sʊ rɛːrs

Hagottragayöl word order: and stood holding hat his he and turned his face wet the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f h j k l m n nː p pː r s t v z ŋ ɕ ɖ ɡ ɧ ʂ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n nː				ŋ
Stop	p pː b		t d	ɖ			k ɡ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʂ	ɕ			h
Approximant						j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Sj-sound
Fricative	ɧ

Vowel inventory: /a eː iː oː uː yː øː œ ɑː ɔ ɛ ɛː ɪ ɵ ʉː ʊ ʏ/

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː yː	ʉː	uː
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	eː øː	ɵ	oː
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː œ		ɔ
Low	a		ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, bj, bl, br, d, dr, f, fj, fl, fr, h, j, k, kl, kr, kv, l, m, n, p, pl, pr, r, s, skr, sl, sm, sn, sp, spr, st, sv, t, tl, tr, tv, v, ɕ, ɡ, ɡl, ɡr, ɧ
Mid-word consonants: b, bl, br, d, dd, dj, dz, f, ff, ft, h, j, jk, k, kd, kh, kk, kkt, kt, l, lb, ldr, lj, ll, llj, lm, ln, lpː, lsk, lt, lts, lv, m, mb, mf, mh, mm, mt, n, nd, ndr, nf, nj, nl, nm, nn, nns, nnt, ns, nsk, nsl, nt, ntl, ntr, nɧ, p, pp, pr, ps, pt, r, rd, rdn, rf, rj, rk, rl, rn, rr, rrj, rrkn, rs, rsd, rɡ, rɧ, s, sd, sk, skl, skv, ss, sst, sstr, st, sv, t, tb, tt, ttn, ttr, tv, tɧ, v, ŋ, ŋk, ŋkt, ŋl, ŋn, ŋɡ, ɖ, ɡ, ɡr, ɡɡ, ɧ, ʂ, ʂt
Word final consonants: N/A
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• p → b / _l
• v → p / #_
• eː → iː / _V
• d → r / _ŋ

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä
øː	ö
œ	ö
oː	å
ɔ	o
yː	y
ʏ	y
ʉː	u
ɵ	u
ʊ	o
uː	o
iː	i
ɪ	i
eː	e
ɑː	a
ɡ	g
ŋn	gn
ŋ	ng
ɕ	k
ɧ	sj
j	g / _#
kk	ck
C₁C₁	C₁ / _j

Grammar

Main word order: Verb Object (Prepositional phrase) Subject.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Opened the door with a key Mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	No affix jyngthus /ˈjyːŋthus/ doɡ (doinɡ the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lp Else: Suffix -ɪlp jyngthusilp /jyːŋtˈhusɪlp/ (verb done to) doɡ

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Suffix -ʉːkt slöhusukt /sløːˈhusʉːkt/ man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nːsk Else: Suffix -iːnːsk slöhusinːsk /ˈsløːhusiːnːsk/ men
Feminine	Suffix -a bjaiisa /ˈbjɑːiˌisa/ woman	Suffix -oːrr bjaiisårr /ˈbjɑːiˌisoːrr/ women
Neuter	If ends with vowel: Suffix -jf Else: Suffix -ʉːjf jyngthusujf /jyːŋtˈhusʉːjf/ doɡ	Suffix -av jyngthusav /ˈjyːŋthusav/ doɡs

Articles

Definite	sjott /ɧɔtt/ the
Indefinite	tla /tla/ a, some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	su /sʉː/ I	kvy /kvʏ/ me
2nd singular	bjom /bjɔm/ you (masc)	stärt /stɛrt/ you
3rd singular masc	i /ɪ/ he	gå /ɡoː/ him
3rd singular fem	sprung /sprʉːŋ/ she	sprupt /sprʉːpt/ her
3rd singular neut	läng /lɛŋ/ it	ka /ka/ it
1st plural	va /va/ we	jun /jʉːn/ us
2nd plural	nymn /nyːmn/ you all	stärs /stɛrs/ you all
3rd plural masc	drok /drɔk/ they (masc)	läv /lɛv/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	sji /ɧɪ/ they (fem)	värg /vɛrj/ them (fem)
3rd plural neut	vät /vɛt/ they (neut)	vi /vɪ/ them (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	su /sʉː/ my
2nd singular	stärt /stɛrt/ your
3rd singular masc	i /ɪ/ his
3rd singular fem	sprung /sprʉːŋ/ her
3rd singular neut	läng /lɛŋ/ its
1st plural	va /va/ our
2nd plural	nymn /nyːmn/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	drok /drɔk/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	sji /ɧɪ/ their (fem)
3rd plural neut	vät /vɛt/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Present	Past
Singular	Suffix -a fåvaa /foːˈvaa/ (I/you/he/she) learns	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ad fåvad /ˈfoːvad/ (I/you/he/she) learned
Plural	Suffix -ɛː fåvaä /ˈfoːvaɛː/ (we/they) learn	No affix fåva /ˈfoːva/ (we/they) learned

Hagottragayöl uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ɕɛpp - käpp fåva /ɕɛpp foːˈva/ will learn

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Hagottragayöl uses the word for ‘finish’ lintva for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Hagottragayöl has a base-20 number system:
1 - tvi
2 - bäm
3 - gigs
4 - pe
5 - sny
6 - po
7 - rö
8 - svig
9 - kä
10 - sput
11 - äkytt
12 - itt
13 - käck
14 - hägn
15 - hack
16 - släktot
17 - kläljö
18 - nuntre
19 - svalt
20 - blos
21 - blos i tvi “twenty and one”
400 - tvi kals “one fourhundred”
401 - tvi kals tvi “one fourhundred one”
800 - bäm kals “two fourhundred”
8000 - tvi kvy “one eightthousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ʏt
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt Else: Suffix -ɪnt
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɔn
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pt Else: Suffix -ɑːpt
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɑː
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ɪp
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɛpp
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tt Else: Suffix -œtt
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -ɑːs
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ll Else: Suffix -all
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɛmn
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lp Else: Suffix -ɛlp
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ll Else: Suffix -yːll
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rd Else: Suffix -oːrd

Dictionary

4410 Words.