Naensk*

LANGUAGE FAMILY: NORAY
PERIOD OF USE:
An ancient tongue passed down by sea-faring speakers of Colmhædru*.
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE: Colmhædru* (Old Colmerhæd)

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Translation: mo met kir næm fen ka mo pilm gat kir boy yit skrer
Pronunciation: mo met kir næm fen ka mo pilm gat kir boj jit skrer
Naensk word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t tː v w/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t tː d	c	k g
Fricative		f v	s			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a e i o u y æ ø/

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e ø	o
Near-low	æ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, bl, c, d, f, fl, fr, g, gl, gs, h, hv, j, k, l, m, n, nn, p, pr, r, s, sbj, sk, skr, sl, sp, st, stj, sv, t, v
Mid-word consonants: b, ck, d, dd, dl, dn, dsk, dsl, dt, ft, g, gh, gr, gs, gt, j, k, kk, kl, kr, kt, l, lb, ldst, ll, ls, m, mm, n, nd, ng, nk, nl, nn, nt, p, pd, pl, pt, r, rj, rk, rkkl, rkl, rl, rn, rs, rt, rv, s, sp, st, stk, t, tt, v, w
Word final consonants: d, dt, f, g, gs, gt, j, jr, k, l, lm, lst, lv, m, n, nd, ndk, nds, ndt, ns, p, r, rgs, s, sk, stː, t, ws
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• [+nasal] → n / _#
• a → i / i_
• n → ∅ / _s
• h → ∅ / #_
• k → c / _#
• k → g / _#
• t → k / _j

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	û
c	chy
j	y
V₁ː	V₁V₁

Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: te - te borue /te boˈrue/ dogs

Nominative	No affix borue /ˈborue/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nd Else: Suffix -and boruend /ˈboruend/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix u- uborue /ˈuboˌrue/ dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an boruen /ˈboruen/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Prefix hva- hvaborue /hvaˈboruˌe/ near/at/by (the/a) dog

Articles

Definite	le /le/ the
Indefinite	va /va/ a, some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	pa /pa/ I	ma /ma/ me	deg /deg/ mine	a /a/ to me	he /he/ at me
2nd singular	va /va/ you (masc)	sem /sem/ you	han /han/ yours	mig /mig/ to you	te /te/ at you
3rd singular masc	met /met/ he, it	mo /mo/ him, it	pig /pig/ his, its	fe /fe/ to him, at it	møm /møm/ at him, at it
3rd singular fem	ska /ska/ she, it	e /e/ her, it	nnin /nnin/ hers, its	del /del/ to her, at it	men /men/ at her, at it
1st plural	pad /pad/ we	to /to/ us	ve /ve/ ours	kir /kir/ to us	blu /blu/ at us
2nd plural	ga /ga/ you all	nu /nu/ you all	mi /mi/ yours (pl)	i /i/ to you all	gak /gak/ at you all
3rd plural masc	bo /bo/ they (masc)	svær /svær/ them (masc)	ki /ki/ theirs (masc)	min /min/ to them (masc)	tend /tend/ at them (masc)
3rd plural fem	dir /dir/ they (fem)	tey /tej/ them (fem)	mon /mon/ theirs (fem)	fre /fre/ to them (fem)	mir /mir/ at them (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	skred /skred/ my
2nd singular	fe /fe/ your
3rd singular masc	kir /kir/ his
3rd singular fem	e /e/ her
1st plural	fem /fem/ our
2nd plural	styûn /stjyn/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	de /de/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	lef /lef/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix ey /ej/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix sk- Else: Prefix ska- skey /skej/ learned

Naensk uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: se - se ey /se ej/ will learn

Numbers

Naensk has a base-10 number system:
1 - ne
2 - el
3 - vet
4 - e
5 - stu
6 - stur
7 - hvi
8 - ar
9 - heg
10 - hega
11 - hegane “ten-one”
100 - nut “hundred”
101 - nut ne “hundred one”
200 - el nut
1000 - han “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ndt Else: Suffix -indt
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ar
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix de-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ef
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a- Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nø-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -el
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -el
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -el
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nø-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -yg
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -er
Diminutive = Suffix -et
Augmentative = Prefix ha-

Dictionary

4482 Words.