Tagsyamut
LANGUAGE FAMILY: TYRILAN
# SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 300K / #49
SPOKEN IN: Beribon (South) - 300K
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:
"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..." Translation: kiw na meg miw na komˠim kiw nam na waexad ap kico lūt Pronunciation: kiw na meg miw na koˈmˠim kiw nam na ʋaeˈxad ap kiˈco luːt Tagsyamut word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to
Co-articulated phonemes
Vowel inventory: /a ae ai ao au aː aːi aːu e eː i iː o oi ou oː u uː/
Diphthongs: ae, ai, ao, au, aːi, aːu, oi, ou
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: h, k, l, m, n, p, ʋ, ʔ
Mid-word consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, n̪ˠ, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, t̪ˠɾˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ
Word final consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, g, gl, gɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ Phonological changes (in order of application):
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
2 - kaoɹ
3 - mib
4 - ʻu
5 - mahi
6 - lou
7 - kī
8 - ka
9 - namʲal
10 - moθɹ
11 - poçi
12 - idʲa
13 - mekas
14 - mūkām
15 - iʃī
16 - ucɾʲel
17 - papʲim
18 - magi
19 - maen̪ˠib
20 - haɟu
21 - haɟumā “twenty-one”
400 - mab “fourhundred”
401 - mab kiw mā “fourhundred and one”
800 - kaoɹ mab “two fourhundred”
8000 - lipɹ “eightthousand”
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix pu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kaːu-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ka-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix hi-
Noun to verb = Prefix laː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix no-
Tending to = Prefix ai-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix hi-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix pe-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mi-
Diminutive = Prefix i-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mu-
"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..." Translation: kiw na meg miw na komˠim kiw nam na waexad ap kico lūt Pronunciation: kiw na meg miw na koˈmˠim kiw nam na ʋaeˈxad ap kiˈco luːt Tagsyamut word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b bʲ bˠ c d dʲ d̪ˠ f fʲ fˠ g h j k l lʲ m mʲ mˠ n n̪ˠ p pʲ pˠ s sˠ t tʲ t̪ˠ v vʲ w x ç ð ɟ ɫ ɹ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ ʋ ʍ ʔ ʤ ʧ θ/↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m mʲ mˠ | n̪ˠ | n | |||||
Stop | p pʲ pˠ bʲ bˠ b | t̪ˠ d̪ˠ | tʲ t dʲ d | c ɟ | k g | ʔ | ||
Affricate | ʧ ʤ | |||||||
Fricative | fʲ fˠ f vʲ v | θ ð | sˠ s | ʃ | ç | x | h | |
Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | j | |||||
Tap | ɾˠ ɾʲ | |||||||
Lateral approximant | l lʲ |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar | Velarized alveolar |
---|---|---|
Approximant | ʍ w | |
Lateral approximant | ɫ |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i iː | u uː |
High-mid | e eː | o oː |
Low | a aː |
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: h, k, l, m, n, p, ʋ, ʔ
Mid-word consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, n̪ˠ, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, t̪ˠɾˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ
Word final consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, g, gl, gɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ Phonological changes (in order of application):
- wi → o / C_
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ʋ | w |
ʔ | ʻ |
aː | ā |
eː | ē |
iː | ī |
oː | ō |
uː | ū |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase)."Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
Nouns
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | No affix niçu /niˈçu/ man | No affix koi /koi/ woman |
Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ki- kiniçu /kiniˈçu/ men | If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hu- hukoi /huˈkoi/ women |
Articles
Definite | ul /ul/ the |
Indefinite | hadɹ /hadɹ/ a, some |
Pronouns
1st singular | hi /hi/ I, me, mine |
2nd singular | paol /paol/ you, yours |
3rd singular masc | na /na/ he, him, his, it, its |
3rd singular fem | mam /mam/ she, her, hers, it, its |
1st plural inclusive | mi /mi/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | ki /ki/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
2nd plural | kaw /kaw/ you all, yours (pl) |
3rd plural masc | ʻew /ʔew/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc) |
3rd plural fem | mik /mik/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem) |
Possessive determiners
1st singular | hi /hi/ my |
2nd singular | paol /paol/ your |
3rd singular masc | na /na/ his |
3rd singular fem | mam /mam/ her |
1st plural inclusive | mi /mi/ our (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | ki /ki/ our (excluding you) |
2nd plural | kaw /kaw/ your (pl) |
3rd plural masc | ʻew /ʔew/ their (masc) |
3rd plural fem | mik /mik/ their (fem) |
Verbs
Present | No affix kaid /kaid/ learn |
Past | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix le- lekaid /leˈkaid/ learned |
Future | If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pu- pukaid /puˈkaid/ will learn |
Numbers
Tagsyamut has a base-20 number system: 1 - mā2 - kaoɹ
3 - mib
4 - ʻu
5 - mahi
6 - lou
7 - kī
8 - ka
9 - namʲal
10 - moθɹ
11 - poçi
12 - idʲa
13 - mekas
14 - mūkām
15 - iʃī
16 - ucɾʲel
17 - papʲim
18 - magi
19 - maen̪ˠib
20 - haɟu
21 - haɟumā “twenty-one”
400 - mab “fourhundred”
401 - mab kiw mā “fourhundred and one”
800 - kaoɹ mab “two fourhundred”
8000 - lipɹ “eightthousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʔ- Else: Prefix ʔaː-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix pu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kaːu-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ka-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix hi-
Noun to verb = Prefix laː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix no-
Tending to = Prefix ai-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix hi-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix pe-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mi-
Diminutive = Prefix i-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mu-
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